Aristotle Flashcards
laconic speech
short and direct speech. Came from the Spartans
Athens communication
more persuasive since they were merchant, traders, and sailors
Socrates believes
you ask questions to come to know
Socratic method
a series of questions where you come to know that sparks critical thinking
Plato understands reality as
external
Aristotle understands reality as
socially constructed
Aristotle’s mentor
Plato
Sophists believe
the ends justify the means
What book is Aristotle famous for writing
The Rhetoric
Alexander the Great’s mentor
Aristotle
Rhetoric
the study of communication
Ethos
the audiences perception of the credibility of the speaker
Ethos’s 3 traits for credibility of speaker
Trustworthiness, Competence, and Dynamism (likability)
Logos
audiences perception of the reasoning and evidence of the speaker
syllogism
completely stated argument
Major premise-minor premise-conclusion
enthymeme
an argument completed by the audience
Logos’s 3 ways to determine reasoning
Sign, Analogy, and Generalization,
Logos’s 3 ways to determine evidence
Causal, opinion of others, statistics, factual data
Pathos
audiences perception of the persuasive ability of the speaker
Pathos’s 5 ways to achieve persuasive speaking
Sound, nonverbals, language strategies, and appeals, delivery
Examples of language strategies
metaphors and smilies
repetition
alliteration
parallel structure
asyndeton
omission of conjunction (but, if, and)
Kenneth Burke described the world as
a drama
Burke believes
humans symbolize
power of the negative
bc you have the vocabulary you can say no
According to Burke choice is
tragic
Pentad
who/ agent what/ act where/ scene how/ agency why/ purpose
Burke’s Iron Law of History
humans do the same thing over and over so we can predict the outcome
2 ways to redemption according to the Burke’s Iron Law of History
scapegoating (blame others)
mortification (blame ourselves)
Burke’s terministic screens
a screen composed of terms through which humans perceive the world
language that collects dirt
ex: devil terms (fighting terms)- pregnant with meaning
Burke believes humans are
we are not rational but we are rationalIZING animals
meaning we come to a conclusion then we go back to justify
Types of opinions from others
expert opinion
public opinion
lay opinion (non-expert)
What do speakers appeal to?
emotions tradition popular approval ignorance (you cannot prove what I'm saying is false so its true) values
