ARH Mid Term Prep Flashcards

Question

skene

Answer 1

in ancient Greek theatre, a building behind the playing area that was originally a hut for the changing of masks and costumes but eventually became the background before which the drama was enacted.

Answer 2

In art. Maenads have been depicted in art as erratic and frenzied women enveloped in a drunken rapture, as in Euripides' play The Bacchae. In ancient Greece, Maenads were followers of the wine god Dionysus. They prepared his wine, and used it (along with dancing and sex) to access a state of frenzied, divine madness and ecstasy. In this altered state, they were believed to be possessed by the god, imbued with gifts of prophecy and superhuman strength

Answer 3

The phalanx formation appeared during the 7th and 8th centuries BC. The representation of hoplites in art show historians how the Greeks used this formation in battle as well as how the soldiers were dressed and what their armor looked like.

Answer 4

An S-shaped curve that describes the posture of figures in sculptures by the 4th century BC Greek sculptor Praxiteles. The curve is a result of the figure's weight being placed on one leg, while the other leg is bent at the knee

Answer 5

The “Early Classical Period” (480/479 – 450 BCE, also known as the “Severe Style”) was a period of transition when some sculptural work displayed archaizing holdovers. As can be seen in the Kritios Boy, c. 480 BCE, the “Severe Style” features realistic anatomy, serious expressions, pouty lips, and thick eyelids.

Answer 6

an Italian term that means "counterpoise". It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot, so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs in the axial plane.

Answer 7

A low relief is a projecting image with a shallow overall depth, for example used on coins, on which all images are in low relief.

Answer 8

is where in general more than half the mass of the sculpted figure projects from the background. Indeed, the most prominent elements of the composition, especially heads and limbs, are often completely undercut, detaching them from the field. The parts of the subject that are seen are normally depicted at their full depth, unlike low relief where the elements seen are "squashed" flatter

Answer 9

the accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of contemporary life

Answer 10

often involves a sense of transcendence or spirituality, with artists seeking to elevate the viewer's experience and provoke contemplation about deeper truths and meanings. Another characteristic of idealism in art is a rejection of naturalism and a tendency towards stylization or abstraction.

Answer 11

a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail.

Answer 12

is noted for abandoning traditional ancient Egyptian religion of polytheism and introducing Atenism, or worship centered around Aten

Answer 13

Emperor Hadrian

Answer 14

a long stretch of painted, sculpted or even calligraphic decoration in such a position, normally above eye-level

Answer 15

triangular gable forming the end of the roof slope over a portico (the area, with a roof supported by columns, leading to the entrance of a building); or a similar form used decoratively over a doorway or window. The pediment was the crowning feature of the Greek temple front.

Answer 16

a horizontal, continuous lintel on a classical building supported by columns or a wall, comprising the architrave, frieze, and cornice offers structural support by linking together columns and supporting the roof. In addition to its more functional role, the entablature often contains many decorative elements

Answer 17

a term used in classical architecture to describe the main chamber of a temple, where statues of deities were housed

Answer 18

a term used to describe the spread of cultural ideas, technologies, and imagery from the East to the Mediterranean world. The Orientalizing period lasted from around 750–600 BC

Answer 19

(from Ancient Greek ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía) 'rule by few'; from ὀλίγος (olígos) 'few' and ἄρχω (árkhō) 'to rule, command') is a form of government in which power rests with a small number of people.

Answer 20

is a person who inspires an artist. The term is often used to describe a woman who serves as a creative source of inspiration

Answer 21

is a projecting, carved decorative panel made up of three vertical bands separated by two vertical channels. These were representations of the ends of wooden beams that would have been used to support the roofs of prehistoric Greek buildings. a slightly projecting rectangular tablet in a Doric frieze with two vertical channels of V section and two corresponding chamfers or half channels on the vertical sides

Answer 22

1) The uppermost section of moldings along the top of a wall or just below a roof. 2) In Greek, Roman, and Neoclassical architecture, the upper portion of the entablature, located above the architrave and the frieze

Answer 23

In art. Maenads have been depicted in art as erratic and frenzied women enveloped in a drunken rapture, as in Euripides' play The Bacchae

Answer 24

covers the time in Greek history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC,[1] which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom

Answer 25

is the practice of questioning and refining one's beliefs and understanding of art. It can also refer to the idea that the true nature of art is hidden beneath the unnecessary, and that skepticism can help reveal it

Answer 26

is a book made of sheets of material bound together, usually along one side. It is the direct ancestor of the modern book

Answer 27

the Corinthian has fluted columns and elaborate capitals decorated with acanthus leaves and scrolls. There are many variations. The name Corinthian is derived from the ancient Greek city of Corinth, although it was probably invented in Athens. is the last developed and most ornate of the three principal classical orders of Ancient Greek architecture and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric order, which was the earliest, followed by the Ionic order.

Answer 28

the process of combining different artistic styles, cultures, or traditions to create new forms. It's often seen in regions with diverse cultural influences.

Answer 29

is a philosophical and legal theory that posits the existence of a set of inherent laws derived from nature and universal moral principles, which are discoverable through reason.

Answer 30

a continuous series of arches that creates a semi-cylindrical ceiling or roof structure, resembling a tunnel. This architectural element allows for the construction of large, open spaces and distributes weight evenly, making it a critical feature in various monumental structures throughout history.

Answer 31

1 A decorative motif used on pottery and in rock art comprising a pair of circles or spirals resembling a pair of eyes. Such designs are widely found in western Europe in the 3rd millennium bc, especially in Spanish Copper Age ceramics, and in passage grave art. 2 A round window or opening in the top of a dome.

Answer 32

a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly popular in the Ancient Roman world.

Answer 33

An open space used for markets and gatherings of citizens, surrounded by temples and public buildings.

Answer 34

Barrel vault?

Answer 35

The cornice

Answer 36

Corinthian (order)

Answer 37

the entablature

Answer 38

Orientalizing period

Answer 39

Skepticism

Answer 40

syncretism

Answer 41

Hellenistic period

Answer 42

a powerful and dynamic moment of naval victory

Answer 43

the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria