arguments in action

Question 1

statement

Answer 1

asserts a fact, is either true or false

Question 2

non statement

Answer 2

opposite of statement, cannot be said whether true or false

Question 3

argument

Answer 3

collection of premises build into a conclusion

Question 4

formalising

Answer 4

premise one
premise two
——————-
conclusion

Question 5

convergent

Answer 5

individual premises that support a conclusion

Question 6

linked

Answer 6

premises that depend on one another for conclusion

Question 7

serial

Answer 7

premises that add to conclusion collectively

Question 8

valid

Answer 8

all premises are true though the conclusion is false at the same time.

Question 9

sound

Answer 9

premise and conclusion are both valid and true

Question 10

strong inductive arguments

Answer 10

based on data, more data = stronger argument

Question 11

cogent inductive arguments

Answer 11

argument is cogent if data is true

Question 12

analogies

Answer 12

intuitive arguments, compares two objects to draw a similar conclusion

Question 13

ambiguity

Answer 13

has more than one meaning

Question 14

formal fallacies

Answer 14

arguments with bad structure

Question 15

informal fallacies

Answer 15

common mistake or technique that commonly confuses people

Question 16

attacking the person

Answer 16

criticism of individual rather than what’s being said, don’t listen to individual because of bad quality

Question 17

post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer 17

when you claim two unrelated things are related, just because two things occurred at the same time does not mean they are related

Question 18

false dilemma

Answer 18

when you are given only two options when there are more than two

Question 19

slippery slope

Answer 19

trying to detract us from something unfavourable by offering absurd unfavourable potential scenarios

Question 20

appeal to ignorance

Answer 20

when you decided in the absence of information, just because there is no evidence does not mean it is not real

Question 21

appeal to emotion

Answer 21

something should or should not happen because it will have good or bad consequences for you

Question 22

affirming the content

Answer 22

x=y therefore y=x not true as winning the lottery makes you happy but being happy does not mean you’ve won the lottery

Question 23

denying the antecedent

Answer 23

if x then y
not x not y
if one isn’t true the whole statement is not vaild

Question 24

deductive reasoning

Answer 24

specific conclusions from general premise

Question 25

inductive reasoning

Answer 25

general conclusions from specific premise