Arguments and Fact Sets Flashcards
differentiate between the two
Premise Indicators
Because
Since
For
For example
For the reason that
in that
given that
as indicated by
due to
owing to
this can be seen from
we know this by
Conclusion Indicators
Thus
Therefore
hence
consequently
as a result
so
accordingly
clearly
must be that
shows that
conclude that
follows that
for this reason
Fact Sets verses Arguments
Fact sets do not contain a conclusion, but arguments do
Primary Objective #2
If the stimulus contains an argument, identify the conclusion of the argument. If the stimulus contains a fact set, examine each fact.
Confusing Indicator Forms
“Therefore, since…”
“Thus, because…”
“Hence, due to…”
Additional Premise Indicators
Furthermore
Moreover
Besides
In addition
What’s more
After all
Counter-Premise Indicators
But
Yet
However
On the other hand
Admittedly
In contrast
Although
Even though
Still
Whereas
In spite of
Despite
* After all
* After all can occur on multiple indicator lists
Counter Premises
bring up points of oppositions or comparison
Complex Arguments
It takes an initial conclusion and then uses it as a premise for another conclusion.
Any time you read a stimulus, you should actively look to summarize what you have read.
How to break down killer sentences
- Slow down and relax.
- Break it down into smaller components
- simplify it by rephrasing
- mark the confusing stimulus
Reference Words
This/That/These/Those
It
They/their/them
One/Ones
Former/Latter
They refer forward or backward to a term mentioned in the stimulus
Primary Objective #3
If the stimulus contains an argument, determine whether the argument is strong or week
The term probably allows for the possibility of other outcomes other than the conclusion stated in the stimulus.
“inference” in a question stem indicates….
It is a MUST BE TRUE question
