Argument Terms And Fallacies Flashcards
As populum
Bandwagon appeal
Appeal to false authority
Person w/ no experience on issue is presented as an expert
Begging the question
Claim based on evidence or support that may be unsound
Circular reasoning
Using claim as evidence
Claim of fact
Asserts something is or is not true
Claim of policy
Proposes a change
Claim of value
Argues something is good or bad, right or wrong
Classical oration
Introduction Narration (gives background, why it matters) Confirmation (proof) Refutation (counterargument) Conclusion
False dilemma
Either/or; two extremes as only choices
Faulty analogy
Compares two things you can’t compare
First-hand evidence
Writer’s personal experience
Hasty generalization
Faulty conclusion from poor evidence
Logical fallacy
Potential weaknesses in an argument
Open thesis
Doesn’t list all points writer will cover
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Claim that something happened because of a cause that happened earlier
Quantitative evidence
Evidence that can be presented in numbers
Rogerian argument
Assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding
Straw man
Speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to refute an idea
Syllogism
Uses major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion
Ad hominem
Arguing against person and their character rather than issue
