Argument Questions Flashcards
1
Q
What three things should you look for in each argument?
A
Conclusion
Premise
Assumption
2
Q
Main Point Actions
- The main conclusion drawn in the author’s argument is that….
- The argument is structured to lead to which one of the following conclusions.
A
- Identify the conclusion and premise
- Use the Why Test and then match your conclusion with the answer choices
- Don’t fall for the opposite
- When down to two choices, look for extreme language.-
3
Q
Necessary Assumption Actions
- The argument above assumes which of the following?
- The writer’s argument depends upon assuming which of the following..
A
- Identify the conclusion, premises, and assumptions of the author
- If having trouble finding the assumption, look for the gap between the two different ideas.
- The assumption will strengthen the author’s conclusion
- When down to two choices, negate each to see if they fall apart.
4
Q
Sufficient Assumption Recognition
A
- Which of the following, if assumed, would enable the conclusion to be properly drawn?
- The conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
5
Q
Sufficient Assumption Actions
A
Identify the conclusion, premises, and assumptions of the author.
- Look for language in the conclusion that is nto accounted for in the premise.
- Paraphrase an answer that would strongly connect the premises to the conclusion and shore up the language gap.
- Eliminate answer choices that bring in new information.
6
Q
Weaken Recognition
A
- Which one of the following, if true, would most undermine the author’s conclusion?
- Which of the following statement, if true, would most call into question the results achieved by the scientists.
7
Q
Weaken Actions
A
- Identify the conclusion, premises, and assumptions of the author
- Read critically, looking for instances in which the author made large leaps in logic.
- Then, when you go to the answer choices, look for a choice that has the most negative impact on that leap in logic.
- Assume all choices to be true.
8
Q
Strengthen Recognition
A
- Which one of the following statements, if true, would most support the author’s conclusion/
- Which one of the following statements, if true, would strengthen the author’s argument
- Which of the following principles, if established, justifies, the conclusion drawn in the argument above?
9
Q
Strengthen Actions
A
- Identify the conclusion, premises, and assumptions of the author
- Read critically, looking for where the author made large leaps in logic
- Look for the answer choice that has the most positive impact on that gap
- Assume all answer choices to be true
10
Q
Resolve/Explain Recognition
A
- Which one of the following provides the best resolution to the apparent paradox described by the committee member?
- Which of the following statements, if true, would explain the discrepancy found by the scientists
11
Q
Resolve/Explain Actions
A
- Identify the apparent discrepancy or paradox
- Look for the answer that allows both facts from the argument to be true.
- Assume all choices are true
12
Q
Inference Recognition
A
- Which one of the following statements can be validly inferred from the information above?
- If the statements above are true, then which of the folowing must also be true?
- Which one of the following conclusion can ve validly drawn from the passage above.
- Which one of the following conclusion is best supported by the passage above?
13
Q
Inference Actions
A
- Pay close attention to qualifying language, then go to the answer choices
- Cross off any answer choices that are not directly supported by evidence in the passage.
- Look for relevance and extreme language
- Use contrapositive if there are “if…then” statements in the answers.
14
Q
Reasoning Recognition
A
The argument proceeds by..
- Leah responds to Kevin by doing which of the following
- The method the activist uses to object to the developers arguments is to….
- Dr. Jacobs does which of the following?
15
Q
Reasoning Actions
A
- Describe what is happening in your own words, focusing on the conclusion and premise
- Apple description to all of the answer choices
- Compare answers to the argument.
- Cross out anything that didn’t appear in the passage
16
Q
Flaw Recognition
A
Which of the following indicates a flaw in the author’s reasoning?
- A criticism of the arguments would most likely emphasize that it…
- The reasoning in the arguments is most vulnurable to criticism on the grounds that the argument…
- The argument above relies on which of the following questionable techniques?
17
Q
Flaw Actions
A
- Break down the argument into it’s part; the flaw is usually related to the assumption
- State the problem in your own words
- Look for the answer with the same problem as the argument
- Eliminate the answers that don’t match
18
Q
Principle/Match Recognition
A
- The reasoning above most closely conforms to which of the following principles?
- Which one of the following examples conforms most closely to the principle given in the argument?
19
Q
Principle Match Actions
A
- Know which direction the answer flows
- Look for an answer that has the same principles.
20
Q
Parrallel-the-Reasoning Recognition
A
- Which on of the following is most similar in reasoning to the argument above.
- The flawed pattern of reasoning exgibited by the arguments avobe is most similar to that in which of the following?
21
Q
Parrallel-the-Reasoning Actions
A
- Will contain either flawed or valid reasoning
- Diagram the argument, then diagram the answers
- Do not chose an answer that fixes a flawed argument.
- Save for last
22
Q
What are the different symbolized clues?
A
- Range Clue: B - A - C
- Anti block Clue:
- Block Clue
- Inventory Clue
- Distribution Clue
