Argument Forms Flashcards
1
Q
Commutative laws
A
p ∧ q ≡ q ∧ p
p ∨ q ≡ q ∨ p
2
Q
Associative laws
A
(p ∧ q) ∧ r ≡ p ∧ (q ∧ r)
(p ∨ q) ∨ r ≡ p ∨ (q ∨ r)
3
Q
Distributive laws
A
p ∧ (q ∨ r) ≡ (p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r)
p ∨ (q ∧ r) ≡ (p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)
4
Q
Identity laws
A
p ∧ t ≡ p
p ∨ c ≡ p
5
Q
Negation laws
A
p ∨ ~p ≡ t
p ∧ ~p ≡ c
6
Q
Idempotent laws
A
p ∧ p ≡ p
p ∨ p ≡ p
7
Q
Universal bound laws
A
p ∨ t ≡ t
p ∧ c ≡ c
8
Q
De Morgan’s laws
A
~(p ∧ q) ≡ ~p ∨ ~q
~(p ∨ q) ≡ ~p ∧ ~q
9
Q
Absorption laws
A
p ∨ (p ∧ q) ≡ p
p ∧ (p ∨ q) ≡ p
10
Q
Unnamed Logical Equivalences
A
p → q ≡ ~p ∨ q
p ↔ q ≡ (~p ∨ q) ∧ (~q ∨ p)
11
Q
Modus Ponens
A
p → q
p
∴ q
12
Q
Modus Tollens
A
p → q
~q
∴ ~p
13
Q
Generalization
A
p
∴ p ∨ q
q
∴ p ∨ q
14
Q
Specialization
A
p ∧ q
∴ p
p ∧ q
∴ q
15
Q
Conjunction
A
p
q
∴ p ∧ q
