Argument Analysis - Persuasive Techniques Flashcards
Ad Hominem Attack
Attack or insult a person rather than their opinion or fact
Alliteration
Repitition of a consonant
Analogy
A comparison between two things that helps the reader to draw conclusions about their similarities
Anecdote
Story about someone or something that the writer has experienced/heard
Appeal to family values
Appeals to the idea of the ‘nuclear family’
Appeal to fear and insecurity
Arouses fear and anxiety by suggesting that harmful or unpleasant effects will follow
Appeal to Hip Pocket Nerve
Suggests that people should pay the least amount possible, either individually or as a society
Appeal to loyalty and patriotism
Suggests that readers should be loyal to thei group and love their country
Appeal to tradition and customs
Suggests that traditional customs are valuable and should be preserved
Cliche
A common, overused phrase quickly understood by a wider audience
Deductive reasoning
Examining general rules and facts about a group too form a specific conclusion about one part of the group
Emotive Language
Language that has a strong emotional impact on readers
Exaggeration / Hyperbole
Dramatisation of true story for dramatic impact
Facts and figures
Use of facts and statistics to suggest a rational or scientific basis for a point of view
Generalisation
A sweeping statement that suggests what is true for some is true for most or all
Inclusive language
Uses ‘we’ ‘our’ ‘us’ to include the readers in the same group as the writer
Inductive Reasoning
Developing a general theory from the observation of a set of specific situations or examples
Metaphor and simile
Figure of speech that identifies a similarity between two different things
Pun
A play on words that suggests a double meaning
Reason and Logic
Used to link ideas together and develop and argument in support of the main contention
Repetition
Using a word or phrase several times to give it significance
Rhetorical Question
A question with an implied but unstated answer
Ethos
Trust
Pathos
Emotion (passion)
Logos
Logic
Even Handed Tone
Looking at the issue objectively
Appeal to popularity
Provides a basis for popularity of something
Format
Technique, Example, Effect (3 x 2 per paragraph)
Oxymoron
Combines contradictory words with opposing meanings (e.g., old news).
Allusion
When we hint at something and expect the other person to understand what we are referencing (e.g., chocolate is my kryptonite).
Anaphora
Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence, clause or phrase (e.g., go big or go home).
Epizeuxis
Repetition of a word for emphasis or to communicate strong emotion.
Hypophora
Raising a question then answering it (e.g.,When the enemy struck on that June day of 1950, what did America do? It did what it always has done in all its times of peril).
Alliteration
The repetition of an initial consonant sound. Alliteration is a special case of consonance (e.g., Betty bought butter, but the butter was bitter).
Analogy
An analogy is a comparison of two things to show their similarities. An analogy explains one thing in terms of another to highlight the ways in which they are alike (e.g., finding a good man is like finding a needle in a haystack).
Antithesis
The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases (e.g., a small step for man, but a giant leap for mankind, or let’s agree to disagree).
Euphemism
The substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit (e.g., he has gone to a better place; a euphemism for death).
Hyperbole
The use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect (e.g., I am starving to death).
Irony
The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. A contradiction in what is expected to happen and what actually happens
Metaphor
An implied comparison between two unlike, dissimilar things (e.g., love is a lemon, it is either bitter or sweet).
Onomatopoeia
The use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to (e.g., clap, boom, zap).
Paradox
A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities (e.g., the grease jumped out of the pan).
Tricolon
Repetition of three parallel phrases or clauses of equal length within a sentence (e.g., we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow).
Juxtaposition
the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect
Nuanced
grey area
Multidimensional
Multiple points of view
Tangible
Solid, Sturdy
10 things to look for in cartoons
1) Colour
2) Size
3) Labelling
4) Speech bubbles
5) Symbols
6) Focus
7) Angle
8) Tone
9) Expressions
10) Context
A.C.E. P.L.A.T.E
Argument
Contention
Evidence
Persuasive devices
Language features
Audience
Tone
Effect
Argument Analysis Structure
1) What is the argument presented?
2) How is the argument portrayed
- How Strong?
- Place within piece?
- What language strategies are used to persuade?
- What type of language (ethos, pathos, logos)
3) What is the expected impact of the argument?
