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A Level Organic Chemistry > Arenes > Flashcards

Arenes Flashcards

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1
Q

State the reaction, reagents, and conditions for:

Benzene + HNO3

A

Reaction: Electrophilic substitution

Reagents and conditions: Concentrated HNO3 and concentrated H2SO4, at 55 degrees celsius

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2
Q

State the reaction, reagents, and conditions for:

Benzene + Cl2

A

Reaction: Electrophilic substitution
Reagents and conditions: Cl2 with anhydrous FeCl3/ AlCl3/ Fe
Observation: Greenish yellow Cl2 is decolourised

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3
Q

State the reaction, reagents, and conditions for:

Benzene + Br2

A

Reaction: Electrophilic substitution
Reagents and conditions: Br2 with anhydrous FeBr3/ AlBr3/ Fe
Observation: Reddish-brown Br2 is decolourised

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4
Q

State the reaction, reagents, and conditions for:

Benzene + RX (e.g. CH3Cl)

A

Reaction: Electrophilic substitution

Reagents and conditions: RX with anhydrous FeCl3/AlCl3

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5
Q

Why is ____ an activating group?

A

____ increases the pi electron density of the benzene ring. This activates the benzene ring to be more reactive towards the electrophiles, increasing the rate of substitution.

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6
Q

Why is _____ a deactivating group?

A

____ decreases the pi electron density of the benzene ring. This deactivates the benzene ring to be less reactive towards electrophiles, increasing the rate of substitution.

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7
Q

State the reaction, reagents, and conditions for:

Methylbenzene + HNO3

A

Reaction: Electrophilic substitution

Reagents and conditions: Concentrated HNO3 and concentrated H2SO4, 30 degrees celsius

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8
Q

State the reaction, reagents, and conditions for:

Methylbenzene + X2

A

Reaction: Electrophilic substitution

Reagents and conditions: X2 with anhydrous FeX3/AlX3/Fe, in the dark

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9
Q

State the reaction, reagents, and conditions for:
Methylbenzene + X2
((side chain reaction))

A

Reaction: Free radical substitution

Reagents and conditions: Limited X2 with UV light

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10
Q

State the reagents, and conditions for:
Methylbenzene -> oxidation
What does this chemical test distinguish?

A

Reagents and conditions:
Acidified KMnO4/ KMnO4 in dilute H2SO4, heat
Observation: Purple KMnO4 is decolourised and white ppt of benzoic acid observed when cooled
It distinguishes between benzene and methylbenzene

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A Level Organic Chemistry (7 decks)

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