Areas Of The Leg

Question 1

Borders of Popliteal Fossa

Answer 1

• Superomedial border – semimembranosus.
• Superolateral border – biceps femoris.
• Inferomedial border – medial head of the gastrocnemius.
• Inferolateral border – lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris.

Question 2

Contents of Popliteal fossa

Answer 2

Its contents are (medial to lateral)

• Popliteal artery
• Popliteal vein
• Tibial nerve
• Common fibular nerve (common peroneal nerve)

Question 3

Which structure lies deepest in the popliteal fossa ?

Answer 3

Popliteal artery

Question 4

which structure will the surgeons encounter first on exploring the central region of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 4

Tibial Nerve

• the tibial nerve lies superior to the vessels in the inferior aspect of Popliteal fossa

Question 5

Which lies at the most lateral aspect of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 5

Common peroneal nerve ( Common Fibular Nerve )

The common fibular nerve follows the biceps femoris tendon, travelling along the lateral margin of the popliteal fossa.

Question 6

At what level does the sciatic nerve usually bifurcate into the tibial and common peroneal
nerves ?

Answer 6

At the superior aspect of the popliteal fossa

Question 7

Which is at risk of direct injury following a fracture dislocation of the femoral condyles ?

Answer 7

Femoral Artery

Question 8

What – separates the Posterior cruciate ligament from the popliteal artery ?

Answer 8

Oblique Popliteal ligament – separates the PCL from the popliteal artery

Question 9

The foramen marking the termination of the adductor canal ???

Answer 9

Adductor hiatus in Adductor Magnus

The adductor canal runs from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus – a gap between the adductor and hamstring attachments of the adductor magnus muscle

Question 10

Boundaries of Adductor canal

Answer 10

• Anteromedial : Sartorius.
• Lateral : Vastus medialis.
• Posterior : Adductor longus and adductor magnus.

Question 11

Contents of Adductor canal

Answer 11

• Femoral artery
• Femoral vein
• Nerve to Vastus medialis
• Saphenous nerve

Question 12

Femoral artery and vein continues as —- what after – leaving what ?

Answer 12

As the femoral artery and vein exit the ADDCUTOR canal, they are called the popliteal artery and vein respectively.

Question 13

Boundaries of Femoral canal

Answer 13

Anteriorly - inguinal ligament
Posteriorly - Pectineus muscle and its fascia
Laterally - Femoral vein
Medially - lacunar ligament and conjoint tendon

Question 14

Contents of Femoral canal

Answer 14

The femoral canal contains

• Lymphatic vessels – draining the deep inguinal lymph nodes.
• Deep lymph node – the lacunar node.
• Empty space.
• Loose connective tissue
  The empty space allows distension of the adjacent femoral vein, so it can cope with increased venous return, or increased intra-abdominal pressure.

Question 15

What forms medial wall of Femoral canal ?

Answer 15

Lacunar ligament

Question 16

What forms the posterior wall of the femoral canal?

Answer 16

Pectineal ligament

Question 17

Which structure forms the lateral wall of the femoral canal?

Answer 17

Femoral Vein

Question 18

A 72 year old lady is suspected of having a femoral hernia. At site is it most likely to be identifiable clinically?

Answer 18

Below and lateral to the pubic tubercle ( infero-lateral to pubic tuberlce )

Question 19

What is the opening of femoral canal ?

Answer 19

Femoral ring

( The opening to the femoral canal is located at its superior border, known as the femoral ring. The femoral ring is closed by a connective tissue layer – the femoral septum. This septum is pierced by the lymphatic vessels exiting the canal )

Question 20

Borders of Femoral triangle

Answer 20

The femoral triangle consists of three borders, a floor and a roof:

Superior border – inguinal ligament

Lateral border – medial border of the sartorius muscle.

Medial border – medial border of the adductor longus muscle. The rest of this muscle forms part of the floor of the triangle

Roof - fascia lata

Floor - IPPA - iliacus , psoas , pectineus , add longus ( lateral o medial )

Question 21

What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 21

Medial border of Adductor Longus

Question 22

Which structure forms the lateral wall of the femoral triangle?

Answer 22

Sartorius