Area 2 Terms Eya Flashcards
It is a natural or synthetic hydrograph
for one unit of direct runoff from the
catchment in a specified unit of time,
Unit hydrograph
When water level in the pipe or culvert
drops below the upper edge and its
conduit controls, the flow becomes,
Open channel flow
Property of runoff which is very useful
in flood forecasting and is the time
where the flood is at its maximum,
Time to peak
Winter solstice in the southern
hemisphere occurs some time in,
June
The instrument used to measure the
water level in the evaporation pan.
Hook gauge
What Philippine climate type should be classified for an area that receives abundant rainfall almost the entire year but is very pronounced from November to April?
Type 2
These are long waves that occur in
bands of geostrophic wind flowing
above the friction layer.
Easterly waves
In frequency analysis, most hydrologic process, more or less, follow this process. This process is governed by chance and time dependent. What type of process is this?
Stochastic process
Refer to the short-period variations in
the atmosphere
Weather
Refers to the long period manifested by
weather.
Climate
The most stable and chief component
of most soil on a volumetric basis.
Mineral Particles
At what time where the sun is farthest
distance from the earth.
Aphelion
Characterized by a nearly uniform
decrease in temperature with height,
most weather changes are limited here.
Troposphere
Characterized by a vertically isothermal
structure in the lower portion followed
by increasing temperature in the upper
portion.
Stratosphere
Lower part of the thermosphere, ionized
layer which the long distance radio
communication is possible
Ionosphere
A type of flow where the discharge
passing a given cross section of a
stream is constant with time .
Steady flow
Characterize by irregular path of particle
movements which keep of crossing and recrossing.
Turbulent flow
It is the ratio of the dry weight of soil
particles to the weight of an equal
volume of water
Apparent specific gravity
The moisture content of the soil when
the
gravitational water has been
removed.
Field capacity
The moisture content of the soil when
the
gravitational water has been
removed.
Field capacity
It is the soil moisture allowable
depletion of most crops
50%
The
recommended
pressure
head
variation in the lateral between the first and the last sprinkler
20%
Subsurface drain system wherein laterals
join
the
submain
on
both
sides
alternately,
Herringbone
These are pipelines built on or near the
ground surface to convey water across a
wide depression.
Inverted siphon
It explains why soils treated in similar
ways have different water contents.
Hysteresis
The Atterberg Soil Classification Chart
describes sand as a soil particle with a
diameter of
0.02 to 2mm
The maximum permissible velocity of flow
to prevent scouring in open channels,
0.6 m/s
Farm water requirement minus the
application losses is the _______
Farm irrigation water requirement
In furrow irrigation, the rate of water
application should be ____ the intake
rate of the soil.
less than
A type of terrace that usually used for
9-24% slope characterized by breaking
the slope at certain intervals by a ridge
and flat portion to trap runoff.
Zingg Terrace
Runoff occurs when this property of soil
is exceeded
Infiltration rate
Similar to stone check dams, however, the stones in this case are placed on rectangular wire mesh, piled-up as blocks and tied together to form a reinforced wall or dam structure
Gabion
The capacity of eroding agent to cause
detachment
and
transport
of
soil
particles.
Erosivity
Removal of soil by water from small but
well-defined channels when there is
concentration of overland flow.
Gully erosion
Uniform removal of soil in thin layers from
sloping land resulting to runoff.
Sheet erosion
It is the time required for water to flow
from remotest point of the watershed to
the outlet.
Time of concentration
The process of covering the land surface
with plant residues, plastic or other
materials appropriate to arrest loss of
moisture through evaporation.
Mulching
A form of intercropping in which a
secondary crop is planted to cover the
area between the rows of the main crop.
Cover cropping
It involves leaving a piece of land without
crops for a couple of seasons for selfregeneration
of
soil
fertility
while
cropping is moved to another piece of
land-shifting cultivation.
Fallow systems
The growing of two or more crops
together or one after another on the
same land in the same cropping season.
Intercropping
The growing of a single crop in pure
stands on the same piece of land for
successive cropping seasons.
Monocropping
The factor represented in the USLE
considered to have the most significant
effect in the soil erosion value.
Conservation practice
Earth embankment constructed across
the slope at an acceptable grade to
prevent soil erosion and for water
conservation.
Terrace
The USLE is a method of computing soil
erosion. What type of soil erosion does it
estimate?
Sheet and rill erosion only
Type of sediment load along the stream
characterized as sediments that are
sometimes stationary or sometimes
carried by the water along the stream.
Saltation load
Velocity of falling object when the
frictional resistance of the air is equal to
the gravitational force.
Terminal velocity
Tilting of reservoir water surface due to
water movement towards the leeward
side caused by wind.
Wind setup
Soil less agriculture
Hydroponics
The amount of moisture content that is
left from the soil 2-3 days after heavy
application of rain or irrigation water.
Field capacity
The product of Available Moisture to the
Percent Moisture Depletion.
Moisture allowed deficit
It is the difference between field
capacity and wilting point.
Available Moisture
75% of the available moisture.
Readily Available Moisture
Darcy’s law states that the flow of water
through a porous medium is
Proportional to the medium
hydraulic conductivity
Inversely proportional to the length
of flow path
These are pipelines built on or near the
ground surface to convey water across
wide depressions.
Inverted siphon
The moisture content of the soil when
the
gravitational water has been
removed.
Field capacity
It is the ratio of the dry weight of soil
particles to the weight of an equal
volume of water.
Apparent specific density
The sum of irrigation requirement and
farm ditch losses.
Farm water requirement
The quantity of water exclusive of
precipitation
required
to
maintain
desired soil moisture and salinity level
during the crop season.
Irrigation water requirement
Farm
turnout
requirements
plus
conveyance losses in the main canal
and lateral up to the farm turnout.
Diversion requirement
The sum of evapotranspiration and
percolation losses.
Crop water requirement
The fraction of the irrigation water that
must be leached through the root zone
to control soil salinity at specific level.
Leaching requirement
The velocity of flow into the soil caused
by a unit hydraulic gradient in which the
driving force is 1 kg/kg of water.
Permeability
The time rate at which water will
percolate into the soil is
Infiltration rate
The rate of infiltration from a furrow into
the soil is
Intake rate
The sheet of water which overflows a
weir.
Nappe
In frequency analysis, most hydrologic processes follow this process. This process governed by chance and time dependent. What type of process is this?
Stochastic Process
Type of flow wherein the discharge or
flow in a prismatic channel is constant
with respect to time.
Uniformal flow
A type of terrace usually used for 25-30% slope characterized by construction of series of platforms along the contours cut into the hill slope in a step like formation.
Bench terrace
A type of terrace usually used for 9-24%
slope characterized by breaking the
slope at certain intervals by a ridge
and a flat portion to trap runoff.
Zingg terrace
The USLE is a method of computing soil
erosion. What type of soil erosion does
it estimate?
Sheet and rill erosion only
Using the float method in determining
the velocity of water in a channel, the
float velocity in relation the average
water velocity is:
Greater than the average water velocity
A type of cropping system where in
different crops are planted in an area
one after the other each season.
Relay cropping
The rate of decrease of temperature
with the increase in elevation is called.
Lapse rate
A super critical flow is a flow condition
where:
Fr >1
In the Soil Conservation Service method
(curve number method), if the curve
number is 100, this indicates that
Rainfall is equal to runoff
In
discharged
measurement,
the
reading in the staff gage are useless
without this:
Rating curve
When is the best/recommended time to
sample sediment load in the stream.
Peak flow
It is the time required for water to flow
from the most remote point of the water
shed to the outlet.
Time of concentration
Uniform removal of soil in thin layers
from sloping land resulting from over
land flow.
Sheet erosion
Structured devise design to hold a pool
of water to cushion the impact and
retard the flow of falling water as from
an overflow weir, chute or drop.
Stilling basin
The capacity of rainfall to effect the
detachment and transport of soil
particles:
Erosivity
Graphical representation of instantaneous
runoff rate against time:
Hydrograph
It
is
the
natural
and
synthetic
hydrograph for one unit of direct runoff
from the catchments in a specific unit
of time:
Unit hydrograph
What do called the mountain side, with
reference to the wind direction in which
the air masses passing through it is
clod and dry:
Leeward
Type of rainfall cause by the upward
lifting of the air mass due a mountain:
Orographic
What is the effect of the presence of
extensive vegetation in a watershed:
Reduce peak runoff rate
Increases infiltration capacity
The soil property which described the
ability of the soil to transmit water.
Hydraulic conductivity
A hydraulic jump is classic example of
the type of flow:
Rapidly varied flow
The rate of vertical water movement
through the soil at saturated condition
is.
Infiltration rate
When the water level in the pipe drops
below the upper edge of the pipe and
the conduit controls, the flow becomes
Open channel flow
Light steady rain in fine drops about
0.5 mm and intensity less than
1 mm/h,
Drizzle
These are breaks which occur in
channel bank causing water to spilled
from the channel in an uncontrolled
manner.
Breaches
A restriction placed in an open channel
for the purpose of flow measurement
Weir
A highly efficient variable head flow
meter whose restriction contracts and
expand very slowly,
Venturi
A panel generally rectangular, located
near the lowest level of a tank or
reservoir that, when lifted permits flows
Sluice gate
A simple vertical tube used to measure
pressure on the basis of the height of
the column of liquid,
Piezometer
A
device
used
in
measuring
temperature based on some physical
properties of materials,
Thermometer
A device for measuring temperature
based on the electrical difference of two
materials,
Thermocouple
A device for connecting three flows
paths,
Tee
A device for measuring temperature
that is made from oxide, indicate
absolute temperature and can be
formed of the variety of shape,
Thermistor
A simplification of Darcy equation for
energy loss, applicable solely to the
laminar flow is,
Hagen – Poiseuille equation
The basic form of energy loss in flow
equation stating that the energy loss is
directly proportional to the some friction
factor, the length of the system and the
kinetic
energy
level
and
inversely
proportional
to
the
diameter
of
the
conductor,
Darcy Equation
The Baume, API, and Twaddell are all
use for,
Specific gravity
Hydrometer is used to measure,
Specific gravity of liquid
The pressure at which a liquid boils is,
Vapor pressure
Absolute or dynamic viscosity is a
relationship between,
Shear stress and velocity gradient
The volume per unit mass ,
Specific volume
A gas _________,
Can be compressed
The formation and collapse of vapor
bubbles at low pressure,
Cavitation
The process of heat moving from atom
by an exchange of kinetic energy,
Conduction
A process of a phase change between
vapor to liquid involving removal of heat,
Condensation
A property associated with a surface
tension of a liquid and manifested in
the rise and fall of a liquid in small
diameter tube,
Capillary
A device to move a gas, generally at a
higher rate and lower pressure than a
fan does,
Blower
A container for storing a pressurized
fluid,
Accumulator
A device for measuring atmospheric
pressure,
Barometer
Attraction of unlike molecules is,
Adhesion
The attraction between like molecules is
called,
Cohesion
The direct result of the molecular
attraction between molecules is,
Surface tension
A measured of the variability of viscosity
has been established with a numerical
designation is called,
Viscosity index
The shear stress of the fluid times the
slope of the velocity vectors is a
constant called,
Dynamic viscosity
The ratio of the density of material to
the density of water at 4 degree Celsius,
Specific gravity
Or
Related density
Flow energy is sometimes expressed as,
Velocity head
The energy is commonly associated with
fluid flow are potential, kinetic and,
Flow
The term head is often used to mean a,
Discharge
Conservation of energy is often applied
in practice as,
Bernoulli’s Equation
A small channel between the crop rows
large enough to carry water,
Furrow
They are recognized by there long
narrow shape varying in size from 100-
300m long and 3-30m wide and none
level following the general slope of land
Border
A level area surrounded by earth bunds
in which water can be ponded until
each infiltrate into the soil,
Basin
This is the most widely used for
irrigating row crops where water is
confined to small channel between the
crop row,
Furrow
When the land is divided into strips by
small bunds to irrigate similar crops and
soils, sloping uniformly away from the
farm channel, the irrigation method is,
Border
The simplest and most widely used of
all surface irrigation method, adapted to
suit many crops and farming practices
are,
Basin
Washing salt from the soil by using excess
water to dissolve and carry each beyond the
root zone,
Leaching
A uniform distribution of water is obtained in
border irrigation by stopping the flow at the
right time and using a,
Small stream size
If too much water is applied in to the soil it is
loss as flood this term is,
Runoff
The soil reservoir is filled with flooding water
on to the soil surface so that it can be
absorbed by the soil. Absorbing water in this
way is called,
Infiltration
The discharge for each meter width of the
border irrigated,
Unit stream
The discharge required to irrigate basin,
borders and furrow is,
Stream size
The velocity of water passed in a cross
sectional area,
Discharge
The speed at which water flows in a channels
is,
Velocity
The drainage system or open channel are
called,
Canals
The most common method of conveying
water for irrigation is,
Open channel
The system of canal used to distribute water
from some sources to an irrigated land,
Irrigation system
The areas of land on which crop are irrigated,
the size of which can vary from a few
hectares to 70 ha or more,
Irrigation units
The time required for water to flow from the
most remote point of the watershed to the
outlet is
Time of concentration
The ratio of peak rate of runoff to the rainfall
intensity is,
Runoff coefficient
The rate of rainfall in depth per unit time,
Rainfall intensity
The period of time that the rainfall at a
particular rate or intensity,
Duration period
The no. of years before a storm of given
intensity and duration can be expected to
recur is
Recurrence interval
The features of topographic map which the
line
connecting
the
highest
elevation
between two adjacent valleys,
Saddle
The features of topographic map which is the
line
connecting
the
lowest
elevations
between two adjacent ridges,
River
The features of topographic map which
shows the low area between two adjacent
hills,
Valley
When contour line from a closed figure with
the lowest elevation in the center, the
topographic map indicates,
Depression
When contour line from a closed figure with
the highest elevation in the center, the
topographic map indicates,
Mound
The process by which elevation of space grid
points in the field are determined,
Topographic leveling
The process of determining the elevation of
points at measured distance along selected
line,
Profile leveling
A watershed management strategy which
makes
used
of
reforestation
and
infrastructures for the conservation,
Rehabilitation
A watershed management strategy where
the area is left alone in each natural state
and there is minimum or no interference
from man is ,
Protection
In selecting the optimum capacity of the
reservoir of a SWIM Project for irrigation
purposes, the reliability of the reservoir
should be above,
80-85%
One among the following is not a major
consideration for the SWIM Project selection,
High population densities and heavy
settlements
A land area drained by bodies of water is
called,
Watershed
For a dam to called SWIM Project the volume
of storage should not exceed,
50 million cu. m
SWIM Project in general are those small
scale water impounding dam which have
structural height of not more than,
30 m
A plot of line of equal rainfall is,
Isohyets
A plot of line of equal elevation,
Contour line
A plot of line of equal potential and paths of flow conveniently drawn so that the flow between any two adjacent streamlines is equal to the flow between any other two adjacent streamlines;
Flow net
Plants that thrive well in water or swamps
are;
Hydrophytes
Plants that grows in dry situation and
regularly endures and survive drought are
called.
Xarophytes
The process by which the precipitation does
not reach the ground and evaporated back to
the atmosphere.
Interception
The process by which a substance changes
from solid to gaseous state without passing
liquid state
Sublimation
The process by which a substance changes
from liquid to vapor state,
Evaporation
It refers to all forms for water, solid, liquid
coming from the atmosphere,
Precipitation
The transmission of heat from one part of
the liquid or gas to another by the movement
of air or water,
Convection
The branch of science with the study of
weather condition including their daily
movement.
Hydrometeorology
The science with the study of water in all
phase of existing is called.
Hydrology
The science concerned with study of the
atmosphere phase of the hydrologic cycle.
Hydrometeorology
The phase from flowering to full maturity in
the life cycle of the rice plant is.
Ripening phase
The phase from panicle initiation to flowering
in the life cycle of rice plant.
Reproductive phase
The phase from germination to panicle
initiation in the life cycle of rice plant.
Vegetative phase
It is the ratio of the production attained with
the operating irrigation system, compared to
the total production expected under ideal
condition.
Irrigation efficiency
It refer to the number of days between
irrigation during period without rainfall.
Irrigation period
A device in which the volume of soil planted
with vegetation is located in a container to
isolate it hydrologically from the surrounding
soil.
Lysimeter
The
infiltration
downward
and
lateral
movement of water into soil or substrate
from a source of supply such as reservoir or
irrigation canal is.
Seepage
The downward movement of water through
saturated or nearly saturated soil in
response to the force of gravity.
Interflow
The attraction of water into a hair like
opening which defend both on cohesion of
the liquid and on the adhesion of the liquid
to solid wall.
Capillary
The movement of water from the surface
from the soil.
Infiltration
The soil characteristic determining the
maximum rate at which water can enter the
soil under specific conditions including the
presence of excess water is:
Infiltration rate
Water that moves freely and drains out of the
soil is:
Gravitational water
Water held by forces of surface tension as
continuous films around soil particles
termed as:
Capillary water
Water held tightly to the surface of the soil
particles by adsorption forces is called:
Hygroscopic water
A vertical section through the soil mass
where significant changes in soil texture and
structure with depth are observed is:
Soil profile
The quantity expressing the ratio of the
volume of pores to the volume of solids is
termed as:
Void ratio
The ratio of the volume of voids to the total
soil volume is called:
Porosity
The mass per unit volume of the soil particle
is:
Soil density
The soil which contain more or less equal
amounts of sand, silt and clay.
Loam soil
The arrangement of individual soil particles
with respect to each other into pattern is
called:
Soil structure
The relative proportion of sand, silt and clay
determines the:
Soil texture
A notch of regular form through which the
irrigation stream is made to flow and built as
either portable or stationary structure.
Weir
The formation of cavities filled with the liquid
vapor due to a local pressure drop and their
collapse as soon as the vapor bubbles reach
regions of high pressure .
Cavitation
A hydraulic shock occur when water flowing
to pipe undergoes sudden changes in
velocity.
Water hammer
A small drain constructed at the end of each
boarder to remove excess surface water.
Tail drain
A piece of land divided into strips by small
earth bunds usually sloping uniformly away
from the farm channel in the direction of
water flow to irrigate similar crops and soil.
Borders
Small earth embankment or dam built
around each basin to hold water without
leakage while it is infiltrate.
Bunds
A level land surrounded by earth bunds in
which water can be ponded until it infiltrates
into the soil.
Basin
The needed for water to infiltrate into the
soil, depending on the depth of water and
the soil.
Infiltration rate
An instrument used to measure the water
velocity.
Current meter
The artificial application of water to the soil
for the purpose of crop production.
Irrigation
It is geologic formation which transmits water
at a rate insufficient to be economically
developed for pumping.
Aquiclude
It is the water retained about individual soil
particles by molecular action and can
removed only by heating.
Hygroscopic water
It is the ratio of the volume of voids to the
total volume of the soil.
Porosity
Subsurface system wherein laterals join the
submain on the both sides alternately.
Herringbone
Pipelines built on or near the ground surface
to convey water across wide depressions.
Inverted siphon
Free flow in artesian wells occur when?
The piezometer level is higher than the
top of the well
It is the circulation of water in the earthatmosphere system.
Hydrologic cycle
If the suction lift is 6 m, the suitable pump is,
Centrifugal
A soil pH above 7.7.
Alkali soil
The recommended variation in the lateral
between the first and last sprinkle.
20%
The type of climate prevailing in region
1 and 2.
Type 1
The name for seasonal winds (derived from
Arabic mausim, a season).
Monsoon winds
Planting different crops simultaneously in
the same field at the same cropping
season.
Mixed/multiple cropping
It is the measure in difference in the
ground level between two places in the
field and referred to as percentage. It is the
number of meter difference in elevation for
each 100 m horizontal distance.
Land slope
On the weather map, lines representing
points of equal pressure is called.
Isobars
The recommended flow velocity on earth
canals is.
0.30 - 1.0 m/s
Term for solar radiation received at the
earth’s surface.
Insolation
A storm type occurring at the boundaries of
warm moist air and dry cold air.
Frontal storm
The other term for gravity well.
Deep well
It is type of erosion where small channels
are formed on the surface of the soil.
Rill
The rational method of determining runoff
is applicable to,
Watershed with good vegetation
This refer to the additional height or depth
of hydraulic structures,
Free board
It is the instrument used in measuring
stream velocity.
Current meter
The moisture content of the soil when
tension is 1/3 atmosphere.
Field capacity
If soil sample is compacted.
Its bulk density increases
A vertical section to the soil mass where
significant changes in the soil texture and
structure with depth are observed.
Soil profile
The relative proportion of sand, silt and
clay determine the,
Soil texture
Banawe rice terraces is a,
Bench terrace
Method of supplying water in the basin,
Direct and cascade supply
Water that moves freely and drains out of the
soil.
Gravitational water
Applying a small amount of water through a
network of tubing.
Drip irrigation
Emitter irrigation
Trickle irrigation
Difference in moisture content of soil
between
field capacity and permanent
wilting point.
Available Moisture
The sum total of water lost in a given area
thru transpiration from plants, evaporation
from soil and water surface and for building
tissues of plants.
Consumptive use
Water held by forces of surface tension and
continuous film around soil particles is
termed as
Capillary water
Small water impounding management (SWIM) projects, in general, are those small scale water impounding dams which have structural heights of not more than.
30 m
The moisture content of the soil when the
tension is 1.5 atmosphere.
Saturation point
If the suction lift is 6 m, the suited type of
pump is
Centrifugal
What is the term for capillary water in the
smaller pore space of the soil?
Soil moisture
What is the term for water that penetrates
into the soil and flows laterally in the surface
soil to a stream channel?
Interflow
What is the line defined by the water level in a
group of artesian wells?
Water table
Which is the best method of irrigation for
irregular topography?
Sprinkling
Which is the best method of irrigation for row
crops?
Furrow
The locus of the elevation to which water will
rise in a piezometric tube.
Hydraulic gradient
The most simple form of open-channel flow
computation is,
Steady uniform flow
The part of the dam that releases surplus of
flush flood water which cannot be contained
in the active storage of the reservoir.
Spillway
The most efficient trapezoidal cross section.
Width of the bottom = twice the depth
The frequent slow application of water to the
specific rootzone area of the plant is called:
. Trickle irrigation
The water pressure within the cells of a leaf:
Turgor pressure
The artificial application of water to the soil
for the purpose of crop production is:
Irrigation
Methods of supplying water in the basin,
Direct supply and cascade supply
It is the most elaborate method of computing
potential evapotranspiration:
Penman
The other term for gravity well:
Well on perched aquifer
It is a gate placed across a stream from
which it is desired to divert water:
Check gate
Development of deep well by compressed
air is best suited for ___wells.
Small
Mixed flow pumps are used for:
Low head, high discharge operation
The quotient of the weight of a volume of dry
soil including air space and weight of an
equal volume of water is:
Apparent specific gravity
The water right based on the concept first
time, first in right:
Appropriation Act
The lateral movement of water in the soil:
Seepage
The mass per unit volume of the soil
particles is:
Soil density
The ratio of the volume of pores to the
volume of solid is:
Void ratio
Water held by forces of surface tension and
continuous films around the soil particles is:
Capillary water
Water held tightly to the surface of soil
particle by adsorption forces is:
Hygroscopic water
It is the sheet of water which overflows a
weir:
Nappe
Sprinkler type with operating pressure from
20-40 psi:
Low pressure
A conveyance structure used to turn
conduits of varying sizes and shapes
Transition
Surface irrigation method where a much
smaller area is enclosed by levees.
Basin flooding
It also refers to consumptive use by crops.
Evapotranspiration
It is natural or artificial channel that
shortens a meandering stream.
Cut off
A concept used to evaluate the losses of
water during irrigation from the time it
leaves that source to the point of use.
Irrigation efficiency
The most simple form of open channel flow
computation is:
Steady uniform
The speed at which water flows in channel is:
Velocity
It is equal to the cross-sectional area times
the velocity of flow.
Discharge
Ratio of the bulk density to the density of
water.
Apparent specific gravity
In open channel, the term A/P is:
Hydraulic radius
In designing an open channel, it is necessary
to know what the material firming the
channel bed is to know the value of:
Roughness coefficient
An irrigation method formed by building
longitudinal levees approximately parallel to
the contour and connecting them at a
desirable places with levees at right angle.
Check contour
A device used to control the flow of water to or
from a pipeline.
Gate
An appurtenance to the pipeline which
permits the passage of air to or from the
pipeline
Vent
Barrier constructed to hold water back and
raise its level.
Dam
It is the combined process of evaporation and
transpiration from plants.
Evapotranspiration
The volume of water flowing each second,
measured in m^3/sec.
Discharge
Refers to the number of days between
irrigation periods without rainfall.
Irrigation frequency
The number of days allowed for operating
irrigation to a given design area during the
peak consumptive period of the crop being
irrigated.
Irrigation period
A property associated with surface tension of
liquid and manifested in the rise and fall of
liquids in small diameter tubes.
Capillary
Amount of rainfall in the rootzone
Effective rainfall
It is used to divide and distribute the flow of
water at desired direction usually placed or
built in main farm ditch to divert water to
supplementary farm ditches.
Division box
A notch of regular form through which the
irrigation stream is made to flow and flow
built as either portable or stationary
structures is called:
Weir
For the most efficient circular cross-section,
semi-circle the hydraulic radius is equal to:
1/4 its diameter
The mass per unit volume of the soil particle is
Soil density
The amount of water used in producing crop is:
Water holding capacity
Water that moves freely and drains out of the
soil is:
Gravitational
In drainage, open channel is often referred
to as:
Canals
The direct attraction of similar molecules
between similar molecules
Cohesion
A temporary method of drainage artificially
produced in the subsoil with digging a trench
from the surface.
Mole drain
The depth of water in mm or inches to be
removed in 24 hr period from the drainage
area.
Drainage coefficient
It is the average interval of time within the
magnitude of given event will be equated
or exceeded at least once on the average.
Return period
What control measure is recommended to
prevent the upstream spread of gully
erosion?
Check dam
What structure carries water over a depression?
Flume
What instrument is used in measuring water
salinity?
EC meter
It is the time interval between two successive
applications of irrigation water.
Frequency
How many days does it take for most soils to
reach field capacity moisture condition after a
heavy rain or irrigation?
2
An irrigation method where rainfall is
simulated during water application.
Sprinkler
The amount of water that can be taken from
an unconfined aquifer.
Excess water
What can be established with the use of
A-frame?
Contour lines
A part of the rainfall, which is deposited in the
crop rootzone.
Effective rainfall
water discharge-measuring
device
Parshall flume
Weir
Orifice
It is the practice of plowing on a direction
perpendicular to the direction of slope.
Contour farming
The water content of the soil between field
capacity and wilting point is,
Available Moisture
It is the practice of growing alternate strips of
different crops on the same field
Strip cropping
A piece of land divided into strips by small
earth bunds, usually sloping uniformly away
from the farm channel in the direction of
water flow
Border
The plot of stream discharge versus time,
Hydrograph
A vertical section through the soil mass where
significant changes in soil texture and
structure with depth are observed is
called ________.
Soil profile
The pressure acting under a gravity dam
producing an overturning effect,
Uplift pressure
Small
Water
Impounding
Management
(SWIM) Projects, in general, are those small
scale water impounding dams which have
structural heights of not more than________.
30 m
It is the part of a farm reservoir which discharges flood that could not be accommodated in the storage capacity
Spill way
Free flow in artesian wells occur when
piezometric level is higher than the top
of the well
The moisture content of the soil when the
tension is 1/3 atmosphere,
Field capacity
The suitable type of pump when the suction
lift is 6 m,
Centrifugal pump
It is an instrument used in measuring stream
velocity,
Current meter
The rational method of determining runoff is
applicable to,
Small watersheds
The other term for gravity well,
Water table well
The recommended flow velocity on earth
canals is,
0.30 - 1.0 m/s
This type of precipitation is caused by the
cooling of an air mass when it rises upwards
because of a topographic barrier
Orographic precipitation
The only substance on earth that exist
naturally in three phases, namely: solid, liquid
and gas.
Water
Type of precipitation associated with the
movement of air masses from high pressure
regions to low pressure regions,
Cyclonic precipitation
It is the science that deals with the quantity and quality of water encompassing their occurrence, movement, distribution, development and management.
Hydrology
A barrier placed on a stream or canal to
constrict the flow of water and cause it to fall
over a crest usually used to measure
discharge.
Weir
Which one is the flattest canal side
slope
4:1
What instrument needed in measuring
wind speed?
Anemometer
Type of Precipitation where a there is a
lifting of warm air converging into a low
pressure is
Cyclonic precipitation
Free water surface in the well to the free
water surface on the suction pipe is:
Static head
If it is desired to have a maximum flow
of water at any depth, the best canal
cross-section to be used is the:
Trapezoidal
Which instrument use in a
weather station?
Barometer
Anemometer
Pluviometer
Which is true about the head loss of
a pipe?
Head loss is directly proportional to
almost square of the velocity
Head loss is directly proportional to
the length of the pipe
Head loss is inversely proportional to
the diameter of the pipe
Type of flow wherein the discharge or flow
in a prismatic channel is constant with
respect to time
Steady flow
That portion of precipitation that makes
its way toward stream channels, lakes
or oceans as surface or subsurface
flow
Runoff
The time required for the most remote
point in the watershed to reach the
outlet is called?
Time of concentration
A type of terrace more common for mechanized farming systems on moderate slopes of 6 to 8 percent.
Broad-based terrace
Structure consisting of sliding gates that
raises the water level upstream to
facilitate its diversion into the branching
canal.
Check gate
The ratio of water stored in the root zone during the irrigation to the water needed in the root zone prior to irrigation, expressed in percent.
Water storage efficiency
Precipitation caused by the rising of
warmer, lighter air in colder, denser
surroundings
Convective precipitation
Stones are placed on rectangular wire
mesh, piled-up as blocks and tied
together to form a reinforced wall or
dam structure.
Gabion
Is a science that treats of the waters of the Earth, their occurrence, circulation, and distribution, their chemical and physical properties, and their reaction with their environment, including their relation to living things.
Hydrology
The energy of rainfall that induces
erosion is called,
Erosivity
The localized lowering of the static or
piezometric water level due to pumping.
Drawdown
A hydraulic jump is a classic example of
this type of flow
Rapidly varied flow
Water flowing at a constant rate
through a conical pipe, what type of
flow?
Steady non-uniform flow
The most common irrigation method used for low land farming.
Basin
What type of flow is commonly employed
to pipes:
Laminar
The following are type of close conduit
Pipe
Orifice
Culvert
Pitot tube is an instrument used to
determine what characteristics of fluid?
Velocity
It is said to be the major factor that
causes soil erosion.
Precipitation
What is the maximum suction head of a
tubewell?
60ft
A type of sprinkler irrigation known for
its high initial cost but low labor cost.
Overhead sprinkler
Darcy equation is used only to what type
of flow?
Laminar flow
An instrument that measures the intensity
of sunshine radiation received at the
earth surface.
Pyrheliometer
Almost 47% of the total drainage goes to what part of the world?
Atlantic Ocean
Ground water is also known as:
Capillary water
Which of the following factor/s affect
soil erosion?
Percent slope
Size of watershed
Shape of slope
It refers to the composite part of the
irrigation system that divert water from
natural bodies of water such as river,
stream and lakes
Headwork
A submain is laid in a depression and the laterals join the submain from each side alternately. The land along the submain is double drained, but since it is in a depression, it is probably requires more drainage.
Herringbone
Used if the entire area is to be drained and is usually more economic. Laterals enter the submain from one side only to minimize the double drainage that occurs near the submain.
Gridiron
A type of cropping system where in
different crops are planted in an area
one after the other each season.
Relay cropping
A division in the biogas digester that
prevents slurry from premature exit into
sludge/outlet tank. (
Baffle board
It is the residue that comes out at the digester after the substrate is digested/ processed inside the digester.
Effluent
Field Capacity can retain water against
a tension of how many atmospheres?
1/3
It consists of filling the casing with
water so that air trapped in the pump
does not hinder its operation and
reduce efficiency
Priming
According to USDA soil classification, 0.1 mm is categorized as:
Fine sand
A method of measuring evaporation that uses climatological data.
Blaney-Cridle
The ratio of water beneficially used on
the project, farm of field to the amount
of water delivered to the farm expressed
in percent
Water-use efficiency
It refers to the composite parts of
the irrigation system that divert
water from natural bodies of water
such as rivers, streams and lakes.
Headwork
The International Soil Science Society
describes sand as a soil particle with a
diameter of
0.02 to 2 mm
The locus of the elevation to which
water will rise in a piezometric tube
Hydraulic gradient
Surface irrigation method where a
much smaller area is enclosed by
levees. (
Basin flooding
The ratio of water stored in the root zone during the irrigation to the water needed in the root zone prior to irrigation, expressed in percent.
Water storage efficiency
The ratio between water stored in the
soil root zone during irrigation and the
water delivered to the farm expressed
in percent
Application efficiency
The ratio between the water delivered
to the farm and the water diverted
from a source expressed in percent.
Conveyance efficiency
The water is directed to the base of the
plant. Water is applied to the soil through
small orifices
Drip or trickle
It is accomplished by running water
through small channels or furrows while
it moves down or across the slope of the
field
Furrow irrigation
The process of covering the land
surface with plant residues, plastic or
other materials appropriate to arrest
loss of moisture through evaporation
Mulching
Type of climate in which rainfall are more
or less evenly distributed throughout the
year
Type IV
A type of pump that develops
most of the suction and discharge
head by propelling or lifting action of
the impeller vanes in the water
Axial -flow pump
The equation used in current meters is
V= a + bN. What does “a” signifies?
Starting velocity
What do you call the mountain side,
with reference to the wind direction in
which the air masses passing through it
is cold and dry
Leeward
The surface is rarely wet since the water is supplied from the soil underneath. This requires complete control of the water table so that the root zone is kept relatively free of excess water but is continually supplied with capillary moisture during the cropping season
Sub-irrigation
The soil property which describes the
ability of the soil to transmit water
Hydraulic conductivity
It consists of filling the casing with water
so that air trapped in the pump does not
hinder its operation and reduce efficiency
Priming
The composite parts of the irrigation system
that divert water from natural bodies of
water such as rivers, streams, and lakes
Headwork
Instrument that measures relative
humidity.
Hygrometer
An instrument used to determine the wind
speed
Anemometer
Standard height of an earth embankment
15 m
Referred to as rain fall.
Precipitation
Type of precipitation in the Philippines
Rain
Irrigation components, related to flow
and head.
Head gate
Type of flow wherein the discharge or flow in
a prismatic channel is constant with respect
to time.
Steady flow
\Flowg reater than the critical flow.
Supercritical flow
Combination of splash and sheet erosion
Interrill erosion
A Hydrograph with a unit volume of direct runofff or a given storm duration
Unit hydrograph
Travels over The ground and through the channels to reach the outlets.
Runoff
607 na yey!!
