Area 2 Terms Eya Flashcards
1
Q
It is a natural or synthetic hydrograph
for one unit of direct runoff from the
catchment in a specified unit of time,
A
Unit hydrograph
2
Q
When water level in the pipe or culvert
drops below the upper edge and its
conduit controls, the flow becomes,
A
Open channel flow
3
Q
Property of runoff which is very useful
in flood forecasting and is the time
where the flood is at its maximum,
A
Time to peak
4
Q
Winter solstice in the southern
hemisphere occurs some time in,
A
June
5
Q
The instrument used to measure the
water level in the evaporation pan.
A
Hook gauge
6
Q
What Philippine climate type should be classified for an area that receives abundant rainfall almost the entire year but is very pronounced from November to April?
A
Type 2
7
Q
These are long waves that occur in
bands of geostrophic wind flowing
above the friction layer.
A
Easterly waves
8
Q
In frequency analysis, most hydrologic process, more or less, follow this process. This process is governed by chance and time dependent. What type of process is this?
A
Stochastic process
9
Q
Refer to the short-period variations in
the atmosphere
A
Weather
10
Q
Refers to the long period manifested by
weather.
A
Climate
11
Q
The most stable and chief component
of most soil on a volumetric basis.
A
Mineral Particles
12
Q
At what time where the sun is farthest
distance from the earth.
A
Aphelion
13
Q
Characterized by a nearly uniform
decrease in temperature with height,
most weather changes are limited here.
A
Troposphere
14
Q
Characterized by a vertically isothermal
structure in the lower portion followed
by increasing temperature in the upper
portion.
A
Stratosphere
15
Q
Lower part of the thermosphere, ionized
layer which the long distance radio
communication is possible
A
Ionosphere
16
Q
A type of flow where the discharge
passing a given cross section of a
stream is constant with time .
A
Steady flow
17
Q
Characterize by irregular path of particle
movements which keep of crossing and recrossing.
A
Turbulent flow
18
Q
It is the ratio of the dry weight of soil
particles to the weight of an equal
volume of water
A
Apparent specific gravity
19
Q
The moisture content of the soil when
the
gravitational water has been
removed.
A
Field capacity
20
Q
The moisture content of the soil when
the
gravitational water has been
removed.
A
Field capacity
21
Q
It is the soil moisture allowable
depletion of most crops
A
50%
22
Q
The
recommended
pressure
head
variation in the lateral between the first and the last sprinkler
A
20%
23
Q
Subsurface drain system wherein laterals
join
the
submain
on
both
sides
alternately,
A
Herringbone
24
Q
These are pipelines built on or near the
ground surface to convey water across a
wide depression.
A
Inverted siphon
25
It explains why soils treated in similar
| ways have different water contents.
Hysteresis
26
The Atterberg Soil Classification Chart
describes sand as a soil particle with a
diameter of
0.02 to 2mm
27
The maximum permissible velocity of flow
| to prevent scouring in open channels,
0.6 m/s
28
Farm water requirement minus the
| application losses is the _______
Farm irrigation water requirement
29
In furrow irrigation, the rate of water
application should be ____ the intake
rate of the soil.
less than
30
A type of terrace that usually used for
9-24% slope characterized by breaking
the slope at certain intervals by a ridge
and flat portion to trap runoff.
Zingg Terrace
31
Runoff occurs when this property of soil
| is exceeded
Infiltration rate
32
```
Similar to stone check dams, however,
the stones in this case are placed on
rectangular wire mesh, piled-up as blocks
and tied together to form a reinforced
wall or dam structure
```
Gabion
33
The capacity of eroding agent to cause
| detachment
and
transport
of
soil
particles.
Erosivity
34
Removal of soil by water from small but
well-defined channels when there is
concentration of overland flow.
Gully erosion
35
Uniform removal of soil in thin layers from
| sloping land resulting to runoff.
Sheet erosion
36
It is the time required for water to flow
from remotest point of the watershed to
the outlet.
Time of concentration
37
The process of covering the land surface
with plant residues, plastic or other
materials appropriate to arrest loss of
moisture through evaporation.
Mulching
38
A form of intercropping in which a
secondary crop is planted to cover the
area between the rows of the main crop.
Cover cropping
39
It involves leaving a piece of land without
crops for a couple of seasons for selfregeneration
of
soil
fertility
while
cropping is moved to another piece of
land-shifting cultivation.
Fallow systems
40
The growing of two or more crops
together or one after another on the
same land in the same cropping season.
Intercropping
41
The growing of a single crop in pure
stands on the same piece of land for
successive cropping seasons.
Monocropping
42
The factor represented in the USLE
considered to have the most significant
effect in the soil erosion value.
Conservation practice
43
Earth embankment constructed across
the slope at an acceptable grade to
prevent soil erosion and for water
conservation.
Terrace
44
The USLE is a method of computing soil
erosion. What type of soil erosion does it
estimate?
Sheet and rill erosion only
45
Type of sediment load along the stream
characterized as sediments that are
sometimes stationary or sometimes
carried by the water along the stream.
Saltation load
46
Velocity of falling object when the
frictional resistance of the air is equal to
the gravitational force.
Terminal velocity
47
Tilting of reservoir water surface due to
water movement towards the leeward
side caused by wind.
Wind setup
48
Soil less agriculture
Hydroponics
49
The amount of moisture content that is
left from the soil 2-3 days after heavy
application of rain or irrigation water.
Field capacity
50
The product of Available Moisture to the
| Percent Moisture Depletion.
Moisture allowed deficit
51
It is the difference between field
| capacity and wilting point.
Available Moisture
52
75% of the available moisture.
Readily Available Moisture
53
Darcy's law states that the flow of water
| through a porous medium is
Proportional to the medium
hydraulic conductivity
Inversely proportional to the length
of flow path
54
These are pipelines built on or near the
ground surface to convey water across
wide depressions.
Inverted siphon
55
The moisture content of the soil when
the
gravitational water has been
removed.
Field capacity
56
It is the ratio of the dry weight of soil
particles to the weight of an equal
volume of water.
Apparent specific density
57
The sum of irrigation requirement and
| farm ditch losses.
Farm water requirement
58
The quantity of water exclusive of
precipitation
required
to
maintain
desired soil moisture and salinity level
during the crop season.
Irrigation water requirement
59
Farm
turnout
requirements
plus
conveyance losses in the main canal
and lateral up to the farm turnout.
Diversion requirement
60
The sum of evapotranspiration and
| percolation losses.
Crop water requirement
61
The fraction of the irrigation water that
must be leached through the root zone
to control soil salinity at specific level.
Leaching requirement
62
The velocity of flow into the soil caused
by a unit hydraulic gradient in which the
driving force is 1 kg/kg of water.
Permeability
63
The time rate at which water will
| percolate into the soil is
Infiltration rate
64
The rate of infiltration from a furrow into
| the soil is
Intake rate
65
The sheet of water which overflows a
| weir.
Nappe
66
```
In frequency analysis, most hydrologic
processes follow this process. This
process governed by chance and time
dependent. What type of process is
this?
```
Stochastic Process
67
Type of flow wherein the discharge or
flow in a prismatic channel is constant
with respect to time.
Uniformal flow
68
```
A type of terrace usually used for
25-30%
slope
characterized
by
construction of series of platforms
along the contours cut into the hill slope
in a step like formation.
```
Bench terrace
69
A type of terrace usually used for 9-24%
slope characterized by breaking the
slope at certain intervals by a ridge
and a flat portion to trap runoff.
Zingg terrace
70
The USLE is a method of computing soil
erosion. What type of soil erosion does
it estimate?
Sheet and rill erosion only
71
Using the float method in determining
the velocity of water in a channel, the
float velocity in relation the average
water velocity is:
Greater than the average water velocity
72
A type of cropping system where in
different crops are planted in an area
one after the other each season.
Relay cropping
73
The rate of decrease of temperature
| with the increase in elevation is called.
Lapse rate
74
A super critical flow is a flow condition
| where:
Fr >1
75
In the Soil Conservation Service method
(curve number method), if the curve
number is 100, this indicates that
Rainfall is equal to runoff
76
In
discharged
measurement,
the
reading in the staff gage are useless
without this:
Rating curve
77
When is the best/recommended time to
| sample sediment load in the stream.
Peak flow
78
It is the time required for water to flow
from the most remote point of the water
shed to the outlet.
Time of concentration
79
Uniform removal of soil in thin layers
from sloping land resulting from over
land flow.
Sheet erosion
80
Structured devise design to hold a pool
of water to cushion the impact and
retard the flow of falling water as from
an overflow weir, chute or drop.
Stilling basin
81
The capacity of rainfall to effect the
detachment and transport of soil
particles:
Erosivity
82
Graphical representation of instantaneous
| runoff rate against time:
Hydrograph
83
It
is
the
natural
and
synthetic
hydrograph for one unit of direct runoff
from the catchments in a specific unit
of time:
Unit hydrograph
84
What do called the mountain side, with
reference to the wind direction in which
the air masses passing through it is
clod and dry:
Leeward
85
Type of rainfall cause by the upward
| lifting of the air mass due a mountain:
Orographic
86
What is the effect of the presence of
| extensive vegetation in a watershed:
Reduce peak runoff rate
Increases infiltration capacity
87
The soil property which described the
| ability of the soil to transmit water.
Hydraulic conductivity
88
A hydraulic jump is classic example of
| the type of flow:
Rapidly varied flow
89
The rate of vertical water movement
through the soil at saturated condition
is.
Infiltration rate
90
When the water level in the pipe drops
below the upper edge of the pipe and
the conduit controls, the flow becomes
Open channel flow
91
Light steady rain in fine drops about
0.5 mm and intensity less than
1 mm/h,
Drizzle
92
These are breaks which occur in
channel bank causing water to spilled
from the channel in an uncontrolled
manner.
Breaches
93
A restriction placed in an open channel
| for the purpose of flow measurement
Weir
94
A highly efficient variable head flow
meter whose restriction contracts and
expand very slowly,
Venturi
95
A panel generally rectangular, located
near the lowest level of a tank or
reservoir that, when lifted permits flows
Sluice gate
96
A simple vertical tube used to measure
pressure on the basis of the height of
the column of liquid,
Piezometer
97
A
device
used
in
measuring
temperature based on some physical
properties of materials,
Thermometer
98
A device for measuring temperature
based on the electrical difference of two
materials,
Thermocouple
99
A device for connecting three flows
| paths,
Tee
100
A device for measuring temperature
that is made from oxide, indicate
absolute temperature and can be
formed of the variety of shape,
Thermistor
101
A simplification of Darcy equation for
energy loss, applicable solely to the
laminar flow is,
Hagen – Poiseuille equation
102
The basic form of energy loss in flow
equation stating that the energy loss is
directly proportional to the some friction
factor, the length of the system and the
kinetic
energy
level
and
inversely
proportional
to
the
diameter
of
the
conductor,
Darcy Equation
103
The Baume, API, and Twaddell are all
| use for,
Specific gravity
104
Hydrometer is used to measure,
Specific gravity of liquid
105
The pressure at which a liquid boils is,
Vapor pressure
106
Absolute or dynamic viscosity is a
| relationship between,
Shear stress and velocity gradient
107
The volume per unit mass ,
Specific volume
108
A gas _________,
Can be compressed
109
The formation and collapse of vapor
| bubbles at low pressure,
Cavitation
110
The process of heat moving from atom
| by an exchange of kinetic energy,
Conduction
111
A process of a phase change between
| vapor to liquid involving removal of heat,
Condensation
112
A property associated with a surface
tension of a liquid and manifested in
the rise and fall of a liquid in small
diameter tube,
Capillary
113
A device to move a gas, generally at a
higher rate and lower pressure than a
fan does,
Blower
114
A container for storing a pressurized
| fluid,
Accumulator
115
A device for measuring atmospheric
| pressure,
Barometer
116
Attraction of unlike molecules is,
Adhesion
117
The attraction between like molecules is
| called,
Cohesion
118
The direct result of the molecular
| attraction between molecules is,
Surface tension
119
A measured of the variability of viscosity
has been established with a numerical
designation is called,
Viscosity index
120
The shear stress of the fluid times the
slope of the velocity vectors is a
constant called,
Dynamic viscosity
121
The ratio of the density of material to
| the density of water at 4 degree Celsius,
Specific gravity
Or
Related density
122
Flow energy is sometimes expressed as,
Velocity head
123
The energy is commonly associated with
| fluid flow are potential, kinetic and,
Flow
124
The term head is often used to mean a,
Discharge
125
Conservation of energy is often applied
| in practice as,
Bernoulli's Equation
126
A small channel between the crop rows
| large enough to carry water,
Furrow
127
They are recognized by there long
narrow shape varying in size from 100-
300m long and 3-30m wide and none
level following the general slope of land
Border
128
A level area surrounded by earth bunds
in which water can be ponded until
each infiltrate into the soil,
Basin
129
This is the most widely used for
irrigating row crops where water is
confined to small channel between the
crop row,
Furrow
130
When the land is divided into strips by
small bunds to irrigate similar crops and
soils, sloping uniformly away from the
farm channel, the irrigation method is,
Border
131
The simplest and most widely used of
all surface irrigation method, adapted to
suit many crops and farming practices
are,
Basin
132
Washing salt from the soil by using excess
water to dissolve and carry each beyond the
root zone,
Leaching
133
A uniform distribution of water is obtained in
border irrigation by stopping the flow at the
right time and using a,
Small stream size
134
If too much water is applied in to the soil it is
| loss as flood this term is,
Runoff
135
The soil reservoir is filled with flooding water
on to the soil surface so that it can be
absorbed by the soil. Absorbing water in this
way is called,
Infiltration
136
The discharge for each meter width of the
| border irrigated,
Unit stream
137
The discharge required to irrigate basin,
| borders and furrow is,
Stream size
138
The velocity of water passed in a cross
| sectional area,
Discharge
139
The speed at which water flows in a channels
| is,
Velocity
140
The drainage system or open channel are
| called,
Canals
141
The most common method of conveying
| water for irrigation is,
Open channel
142
The system of canal used to distribute water
| from some sources to an irrigated land,
Irrigation system
143
The areas of land on which crop are irrigated,
the size of which can vary from a few
hectares to 70 ha or more,
Irrigation units
144
The time required for water to flow from the
most remote point of the watershed to the
outlet is
Time of concentration
145
The ratio of peak rate of runoff to the rainfall
| intensity is,
Runoff coefficient
146
The rate of rainfall in depth per unit time,
Rainfall intensity
147
The period of time that the rainfall at a
| particular rate or intensity,
Duration period
148
The no. of years before a storm of given
intensity and duration can be expected to
recur is
Recurrence interval
149
The features of topographic map which the
line
connecting
the
highest
elevation
between two adjacent valleys,
Saddle
150
The features of topographic map which is the
line
connecting
the
lowest
elevations
between two adjacent ridges,
River
151
The features of topographic map which
shows the low area between two adjacent
hills,
Valley
152
When contour line from a closed figure with
the lowest elevation in the center, the
topographic map indicates,
Depression
153
When contour line from a closed figure with
the highest elevation in the center, the
topographic map indicates,
Mound
154
The process by which elevation of space grid
| points in the field are determined,
Topographic leveling
155
The process of determining the elevation of
points at measured distance along selected
line,
Profile leveling
156
A watershed management strategy which
makes
used
of
reforestation
and
infrastructures for the conservation,
Rehabilitation
157
A watershed management strategy where
the area is left alone in each natural state
and there is minimum or no interference
from man is ,
Protection
158
In selecting the optimum capacity of the
reservoir of a SWIM Project for irrigation
purposes, the reliability of the reservoir
should be above,
80-85%
159
One among the following is not a major
| consideration for the SWIM Project selection,
High population densities and heavy
| settlements
160
A land area drained by bodies of water is
| called,
Watershed
161
For a dam to called SWIM Project the volume
| of storage should not exceed,
50 million cu. m
162
SWIM Project in general are those small
scale water impounding dam which have
structural height of not more than,
30 m
163
A plot of line of equal rainfall is,
Isohyets
164
A plot of line of equal elevation,
Contour line
165
```
A plot of line of equal potential and paths of
flow conveniently drawn so that the flow
between any two adjacent streamlines is
equal to the flow between any other two
adjacent streamlines;
```
Flow net
166
Plants that thrive well in water or swamps
| are;
Hydrophytes
167
Plants that grows in dry situation and
regularly endures and survive drought are
called.
Xarophytes
168
The process by which the precipitation does
not reach the ground and evaporated back to
the atmosphere.
Interception
169
The process by which a substance changes
from solid to gaseous state without passing
liquid state
Sublimation
170
The process by which a substance changes
| from liquid to vapor state,
Evaporation
171
It refers to all forms for water, solid, liquid
| coming from the atmosphere,
Precipitation
172
The transmission of heat from one part of
the liquid or gas to another by the movement
of air or water,
Convection
173
The branch of science with the study of
weather condition including their daily
movement.
Hydrometeorology
174
The science with the study of water in all
| phase of existing is called.
Hydrology
175
The science concerned with study of the
| atmosphere phase of the hydrologic cycle.
Hydrometeorology
176
The phase from flowering to full maturity in
| the life cycle of the rice plant is.
Ripening phase
177
The phase from panicle initiation to flowering
| in the life cycle of rice plant.
Reproductive phase
178
The phase from germination to panicle
| initiation in the life cycle of rice plant.
Vegetative phase
179
It is the ratio of the production attained with
the operating irrigation system, compared to
the total production expected under ideal
condition.
Irrigation efficiency
180
It refer to the number of days between
| irrigation during period without rainfall.
Irrigation period
181
A device in which the volume of soil planted
with vegetation is located in a container to
isolate it hydrologically from the surrounding
soil.
Lysimeter
182
The
infiltration
downward
and
lateral
movement of water into soil or substrate
from a source of supply such as reservoir or
irrigation canal is.
Seepage
183
The downward movement of water through
saturated or nearly saturated soil in
response to the force of gravity.
Interflow
184
The attraction of water into a hair like
opening which defend both on cohesion of
the liquid and on the adhesion of the liquid
to solid wall.
Capillary
185
The movement of water from the surface
| from the soil.
Infiltration
186
The soil characteristic determining the
maximum rate at which water can enter the
soil under specific conditions including the
presence of excess water is:
Infiltration rate
187
Water that moves freely and drains out of the
| soil is:
Gravitational water
188
Water held by forces of surface tension as
continuous films around soil particles
termed as:
Capillary water
189
Water held tightly to the surface of the soil
| particles by adsorption forces is called:
Hygroscopic water
190
A vertical section through the soil mass
where significant changes in soil texture and
structure with depth are observed is:
Soil profile
191
The quantity expressing the ratio of the
volume of pores to the volume of solids is
termed as:
Void ratio
192
The ratio of the volume of voids to the total
| soil volume is called:
Porosity
193
The mass per unit volume of the soil particle
| is:
Soil density
194
The soil which contain more or less equal
| amounts of sand, silt and clay.
Loam soil
195
The arrangement of individual soil particles
with respect to each other into pattern is
called:
Soil structure
196
The relative proportion of sand, silt and clay
| determines the:
Soil texture
197
A notch of regular form through which the
irrigation stream is made to flow and built as
either portable or stationary structure.
Weir
198
The formation of cavities filled with the liquid
vapor due to a local pressure drop and their
collapse as soon as the vapor bubbles reach
regions of high pressure .
Cavitation
199
A hydraulic shock occur when water flowing
to pipe undergoes sudden changes in
velocity.
Water hammer
200
A small drain constructed at the end of each
| boarder to remove excess surface water.
Tail drain
201
A piece of land divided into strips by small
earth bunds usually sloping uniformly away
from the farm channel in the direction of
water flow to irrigate similar crops and soil.
Borders
202
Small earth embankment or dam built
around each basin to hold water without
leakage while it is infiltrate.
Bunds
203
A level land surrounded by earth bunds in
which water can be ponded until it infiltrates
into the soil.
Basin
204
The needed for water to infiltrate into the
soil, depending on the depth of water and
the soil.
Infiltration rate
205
An instrument used to measure the water
| velocity.
Current meter
206
The artificial application of water to the soil
| for the purpose of crop production.
Irrigation
207
It is geologic formation which transmits water
at a rate insufficient to be economically
developed for pumping.
Aquiclude
208
It is the water retained about individual soil
particles by molecular action and can
removed only by heating.
Hygroscopic water
209
It is the ratio of the volume of voids to the
| total volume of the soil.
Porosity
210
Subsurface system wherein laterals join the
| submain on the both sides alternately.
Herringbone
211
Pipelines built on or near the ground surface
| to convey water across wide depressions.
Inverted siphon
212
Free flow in artesian wells occur when?
The piezometer level is higher than the
| top of the well
213
It is the circulation of water in the earthatmosphere system.
Hydrologic cycle
214
If the suction lift is 6 m, the suitable pump is,
Centrifugal
215
A soil pH above 7.7.
Alkali soil
216
The recommended variation in the lateral
| between the first and last sprinkle.
20%
217
The type of climate prevailing in region
| 1 and 2.
Type 1
218
The name for seasonal winds (derived from
| Arabic mausim, a season).
Monsoon winds
219
Planting different crops simultaneously in
the same field at the same cropping
season.
Mixed/multiple cropping
220
It is the measure in difference in the
ground level between two places in the
field and referred to as percentage. It is the
number of meter difference in elevation for
each 100 m horizontal distance.
Land slope
221
On the weather map, lines representing
| points of equal pressure is called.
Isobars
222
The recommended flow velocity on earth
| canals is.
0.30 - 1.0 m/s
223
Term for solar radiation received at the
| earth’s surface.
Insolation
224
A storm type occurring at the boundaries of
| warm moist air and dry cold air.
Frontal storm
225
The other term for gravity well.
Deep well
226
It is type of erosion where small channels
| are formed on the surface of the soil.
Rill
227
The rational method of determining runoff
| is applicable to,
Watershed with good vegetation
228
This refer to the additional height or depth
| of hydraulic structures,
Free board
229
It is the instrument used in measuring
| stream velocity.
Current meter
230
The moisture content of the soil when
| tension is 1/3 atmosphere.
Field capacity
231
If soil sample is compacted.
Its bulk density increases
232
A vertical section to the soil mass where
significant changes in the soil texture and
structure with depth are observed.
Soil profile
233
The relative proportion of sand, silt and
| clay determine the,
Soil texture
234
Banawe rice terraces is a,
Bench terrace
235
Method of supplying water in the basin,
Direct and cascade supply
236
Water that moves freely and drains out of the
| soil.
Gravitational water
237
Applying a small amount of water through a
| network of tubing.
Drip irrigation
Emitter irrigation
Trickle irrigation
238
Difference in moisture content of soil
between
field capacity and permanent
wilting point.
Available Moisture
239
The sum total of water lost in a given area
thru transpiration from plants, evaporation
from soil and water surface and for building
tissues of plants.
Consumptive use
240
Water held by forces of surface tension and
continuous film around soil particles is
termed as
Capillary water
241
```
Small
water
impounding
management
(SWIM) projects, in general, are those small
scale water impounding dams which have
structural heights of not more than.
```
30 m
242
The moisture content of the soil when the
| tension is 1.5 atmosphere.
Saturation point
243
If the suction lift is 6 m, the suited type of
| pump is
Centrifugal
244
What is the term for capillary water in the
| smaller pore space of the soil?
Soil moisture
245
What is the term for water that penetrates
into the soil and flows laterally in the surface
soil to a stream channel?
Interflow
246
What is the line defined by the water level in a
| group of artesian wells?
Water table
247
Which is the best method of irrigation for
| irregular topography?
Sprinkling
248
Which is the best method of irrigation for row
| crops?
Furrow
249
The locus of the elevation to which water will
| rise in a piezometric tube.
Hydraulic gradient
250
The most simple form of open-channel flow
| computation is,
Steady uniform flow
251
The part of the dam that releases surplus of
flush flood water which cannot be contained
in the active storage of the reservoir.
Spillway
252
The most efficient trapezoidal cross section.
Width of the bottom = twice the depth
253
The frequent slow application of water to the
| specific rootzone area of the plant is called:
. Trickle irrigation
254
The water pressure within the cells of a leaf:
Turgor pressure
255
The artificial application of water to the soil
| for the purpose of crop production is:
Irrigation
256
Methods of supplying water in the basin,
Direct supply and cascade supply
257
It is the most elaborate method of computing
| potential evapotranspiration:
Penman
258
The other term for gravity well:
Well on perched aquifer
259
It is a gate placed across a stream from
| which it is desired to divert water:
Check gate
260
Development of deep well by compressed
| air is best suited for ___wells.
Small
261
Mixed flow pumps are used for:
Low head, high discharge operation
262
The quotient of the weight of a volume of dry
soil including air space and weight of an
equal volume of water is:
Apparent specific gravity
263
The water right based on the concept first
| time, first in right:
Appropriation Act
264
The lateral movement of water in the soil:
Seepage
265
The mass per unit volume of the soil
| particles is:
Soil density
266
The ratio of the volume of pores to the
| volume of solid is:
Void ratio
267
Water held by forces of surface tension and
| continuous films around the soil particles is:
Capillary water
268
Water held tightly to the surface of soil
| particle by adsorption forces is:
Hygroscopic water
269
It is the sheet of water which overflows a
| weir:
Nappe
270
Sprinkler type with operating pressure from
| 20-40 psi:
Low pressure
271
A conveyance structure used to turn
| conduits of varying sizes and shapes
Transition
272
Surface irrigation method where a much
| smaller area is enclosed by levees.
Basin flooding
273
It also refers to consumptive use by crops.
Evapotranspiration
274
It is natural or artificial channel that
| shortens a meandering stream.
Cut off
275
A concept used to evaluate the losses of
water during irrigation from the time it
leaves that source to the point of use.
Irrigation efficiency
276
The most simple form of open channel flow
| computation is:
Steady uniform
277
The speed at which water flows in channel is:
Velocity
278
It is equal to the cross-sectional area times
| the velocity of flow.
Discharge
279
Ratio of the bulk density to the density of
| water.
Apparent specific gravity
280
In open channel, the term A/P is:
Hydraulic radius
281
In designing an open channel, it is necessary
to know what the material firming the
channel bed is to know the value of:
Roughness coefficient
282
An irrigation method formed by building
longitudinal levees approximately parallel to
the contour and connecting them at a
desirable places with levees at right angle.
Check contour
283
A device used to control the flow of water to or
| from a pipeline.
Gate
284
An appurtenance to the pipeline which
permits the passage of air to or from the
pipeline
Vent
285
Barrier constructed to hold water back and
| raise its level.
Dam
286
It is the combined process of evaporation and
| transpiration from plants.
Evapotranspiration
287
The volume of water flowing each second,
| measured in m^3/sec.
Discharge
288
Refers to the number of days between
| irrigation periods without rainfall.
Irrigation frequency
289
The number of days allowed for operating
irrigation to a given design area during the
peak consumptive period of the crop being
irrigated.
Irrigation period
290
A property associated with surface tension of
liquid and manifested in the rise and fall of
liquids in small diameter tubes.
Capillary
291
Amount of rainfall in the rootzone
Effective rainfall
292
It is used to divide and distribute the flow of
water at desired direction usually placed or
built in main farm ditch to divert water to
supplementary farm ditches.
Division box
293
A notch of regular form through which the
irrigation stream is made to flow and flow
built as either portable or stationary
structures is called:
Weir
294
For the most efficient circular cross-section,
| semi-circle the hydraulic radius is equal to:
1/4 its diameter
295
The mass per unit volume of the soil particle is
Soil density
296
The amount of water used in producing crop is:
Water holding capacity
297
Water that moves freely and drains out of the
| soil is:
Gravitational
298
In drainage, open channel is often referred
| to as:
Canals
299
The direct attraction of similar molecules
| between similar molecules
Cohesion
300
A temporary method of drainage artificially
produced in the subsoil with digging a trench
from the surface.
Mole drain
301
The depth of water in mm or inches to be
removed in 24 hr period from the drainage
area.
Drainage coefficient
302
It is the average interval of time within the
magnitude of given event will be equated
or exceeded at least once on the average.
Return period
303
What control measure is recommended to
prevent the upstream spread of gully
erosion?
Check dam
304
```
What
structure
carries
water
over
a
depression?
```
Flume
305
What instrument is used in measuring water
| salinity?
EC meter
306
It is the time interval between two successive
| applications of irrigation water.
Frequency
307
How many days does it take for most soils to
reach field capacity moisture condition after a
heavy rain or irrigation?
2
308
An irrigation method where rainfall is
| simulated during water application.
Sprinkler
309
The amount of water that can be taken from
| an unconfined aquifer.
Excess water
310
What can be established with the use of
| A-frame?
Contour lines
311
A part of the rainfall, which is deposited in the
| crop rootzone.
Effective rainfall
312
water discharge-measuring
| device
Parshall flume
Weir
Orifice
313
It is the practice of plowing on a direction
| perpendicular to the direction of slope.
Contour farming
314
The water content of the soil between field
| capacity and wilting point is,
Available Moisture
315
It is the practice of growing alternate strips of
| different crops on the same field
Strip cropping
316
A piece of land divided into strips by small
earth bunds, usually sloping uniformly away
from the farm channel in the direction of
water flow
Border
317
The plot of stream discharge versus time,
Hydrograph
318
A vertical section through the soil mass where
significant changes in soil texture and
structure with depth are observed is
called ________.
Soil profile
319
The pressure acting under a gravity dam
| producing an overturning effect,
Uplift pressure
320
Small
Water
Impounding
Management
(SWIM) Projects, in general, are those small
scale water impounding dams which have
structural heights of not more than________.
30 m
321
```
It is the part of a farm reservoir which
discharges
flood
that
could
not
be
accommodated in the storage capacity
```
Spill way
322
Free flow in artesian wells occur when
piezometric level is higher than the top
| of the well
323
The moisture content of the soil when the
| tension is 1/3 atmosphere,
Field capacity
324
The suitable type of pump when the suction
| lift is 6 m,
Centrifugal pump
325
It is an instrument used in measuring stream
| velocity,
Current meter
326
The rational method of determining runoff is
| applicable to,
Small watersheds
327
The other term for gravity well,
Water table well
328
The recommended flow velocity on earth
| canals is,
0.30 - 1.0 m/s
329
This type of precipitation is caused by the
cooling of an air mass when it rises upwards
because of a topographic barrier
Orographic precipitation
330
The only substance on earth that exist
naturally in three phases, namely: solid, liquid
and gas.
Water
331
Type of precipitation associated with the
movement of air masses from high pressure
regions to low pressure regions,
Cyclonic precipitation
332
```
It is the science that deals with the quantity
and quality of water encompassing their
occurrence,
movement,
distribution,
development and management.
```
Hydrology
333
A barrier placed on a stream or canal to
constrict the flow of water and cause it to fall
over a crest usually used to measure
discharge.
Weir
334
Which one is the flattest canal side
| slope
4:1
335
What instrument needed in measuring
| wind speed?
Anemometer
336
Type of Precipitation where a there is a
lifting of warm air converging into a low
pressure is
Cyclonic precipitation
337
Free water surface in the well to the free
| water surface on the suction pipe is:
Static head
338
If it is desired to have a maximum flow
of water at any depth, the best canal
cross-section to be used is the:
Trapezoidal
339
Which instrument use in a
| weather station?
Barometer
Anemometer
Pluviometer
340
Which is true about the head loss of
| a pipe?
Head loss is directly proportional to
almost square of the velocity
Head loss is directly proportional to
the length of the pipe
Head loss is inversely proportional to
the diameter of the pipe
341
Type of flow wherein the discharge or flow
in a prismatic channel is constant with
respect to time
Steady flow
342
That portion of precipitation that makes
its way toward stream channels, lakes
or oceans as surface or subsurface
flow
Runoff
343
The time required for the most remote
point in the watershed to reach the
outlet is called?
Time of concentration
344
```
A type of terrace more common
for
mechanized
farming
systems
on moderate slopes of 6 to 8 percent.
```
Broad-based terrace
345
Structure consisting of sliding gates that
raises the water level upstream to
facilitate its diversion into the branching
canal.
Check gate
346
```
The ratio of water stored in the root
zone during the irrigation to the water
needed in the root zone prior to
irrigation,
expressed
in
percent.
```
Water storage efficiency
347
Precipitation caused by the rising of
warmer, lighter air in colder, denser
surroundings
Convective precipitation
348
Stones are placed on rectangular wire
mesh, piled-up as blocks and tied
together to form a reinforced wall or
dam structure.
Gabion
349
```
Is a science that treats of the waters
of
the
Earth,
their
occurrence,
circulation, and distribution, their
chemical and physical properties, and
their reaction with their environment,
including their relation to living things.
```
Hydrology
350
The energy of rainfall that induces
| erosion is called,
Erosivity
351
The localized lowering of the static or
| piezometric water level due to pumping.
Drawdown
352
A hydraulic jump is a classic example of
| this type of flow
Rapidly varied flow
353
Water flowing at a constant rate
through a conical pipe, what type of
flow?
Steady non-uniform flow
354
```
The most common irrigation method
used
for
low
land
farming.
```
Basin
355
What type of flow is commonly employed
| to pipes:
Laminar
356
The following are type of close conduit
Pipe
Orifice
Culvert
357
Pitot tube is an instrument used to
| determine what characteristics of fluid?
Velocity
358
It is said to be the major factor that
| causes soil erosion.
Precipitation
359
What is the maximum suction head of a
| tubewell?
60ft
360
A type of sprinkler irrigation known for
| its high initial cost but low labor cost.
Overhead sprinkler
361
Darcy equation is used only to what type
| of flow?
Laminar flow
362
An instrument that measures the intensity
of sunshine radiation received at the
earth surface.
Pyrheliometer
363
```
Almost 47% of the total drainage goes
to
what
part
of
the
world?
```
Atlantic Ocean
364
Ground water is also known as:
Capillary water
365
Which of the following factor/s affect
| soil erosion?
Percent slope
Size of watershed
Shape of slope
366
It refers to the composite part of the
irrigation system that divert water from
natural bodies of water such as river,
stream and lakes
Headwork
367
```
A submain is laid in a depression and
the laterals join the submain from each
side alternately. The land along the
submain is double drained, but since it
is in a depression, it is probably requires
more drainage.
```
Herringbone
368
```
Used if the entire area is to be drained
and is usually more economic. Laterals
enter the submain from one side
only to minimize the double drainage
that
occurs
near
the
submain.
```
Gridiron
369
A type of cropping system where in
different crops are planted in an area
one after the other each season.
Relay cropping
370
A division in the biogas digester that
prevents slurry from premature exit into
sludge/outlet tank. (
Baffle board
371
```
It is the residue that comes out at the
digester after the substrate is digested/
processed
inside
the
digester.
```
Effluent
372
Field Capacity can retain water against
| a tension of how many atmospheres?
1/3
373
It consists of filling the casing with
water so that air trapped in the pump
does not hinder its operation and
reduce efficiency
Priming
374
```
According to USDA soil classification,
0.1
mm
is
categorized
as:
```
Fine sand
375
```
A method of measuring evaporation
that
uses
climatological
data.
```
Blaney-Cridle
376
The ratio of water beneficially used on
the project, farm of field to the amount
of water delivered to the farm expressed
in percent
Water-use efficiency
377
It refers to the composite parts of
the irrigation system that divert
water from natural bodies of water
such as rivers, streams and lakes.
Headwork
378
The International Soil Science Society
describes sand as a soil particle with a
diameter of
0.02 to 2 mm
379
The locus of the elevation to which
| water will rise in a piezometric tube
Hydraulic gradient
380
Surface irrigation method where a
much smaller area is enclosed by
levees. (
Basin flooding
381
```
The ratio of water stored in the root
zone during the irrigation to the water
needed in the root zone prior to
irrigation,
expressed
in
percent.
```
Water storage efficiency
382
The ratio between water stored in the
soil root zone during irrigation and the
water delivered to the farm expressed
in percent
Application efficiency
383
The ratio between the water delivered
to the farm and the water diverted
from a source expressed in percent.
Conveyance efficiency
384
The water is directed to the base of the
plant. Water is applied to the soil through
small orifices
Drip or trickle
385
It is accomplished by running water
through small channels or furrows while
it moves down or across the slope of the
field
Furrow irrigation
386
The process of covering the land
surface with plant residues, plastic or
other materials appropriate to arrest
loss of moisture through evaporation
Mulching
387
Type of climate in which rainfall are more
or less evenly distributed throughout the
year
Type IV
388
A type of pump that develops
most of the suction and discharge
head by propelling or lifting action of
the impeller vanes in the water
Axial -flow pump
389
The equation used in current meters is
| V= a + bN. What does “a” signifies?
Starting velocity
390
What do you call the mountain side,
with reference to the wind direction in
which the air masses passing through it
is cold and dry
Leeward
391
```
The surface is rarely wet since the water is
supplied from the soil underneath. This
requires complete control of the water
table so that the root zone is kept
relatively free of excess water but is
continually
supplied
with
capillary
moisture during the cropping season
```
Sub-irrigation
392
The soil property which describes the
| ability of the soil to transmit water
Hydraulic conductivity
393
It consists of filling the casing with water
so that air trapped in the pump does not
hinder its operation and reduce efficiency
Priming
394
The composite parts of the irrigation system
that divert water from natural bodies of
water such as rivers, streams, and lakes
Headwork
395
Instrument that measures relative
| humidity.
Hygrometer
396
An instrument used to determine the wind
| speed
Anemometer
397
```
Standard
height
of
an
earth
embankment
```
15 m
398
Referred to as rain fall.
Precipitation
399
```
Type
of
precipitation
in
the
Philippines
```
Rain
400
Irrigation components, related to flow
| and head.
Head gate
401
Type of flow wherein the discharge or flow in
a prismatic channel is constant with respect
to time.
Steady flow
402
\Flowg reater than the critical flow.
Supercritical flow
403
Combination of splash and sheet erosion
Interrill erosion
404
A Hydrograph with a unit volume of direct runofff or a given storm duration
Unit hydrograph
405
Travels over The ground and through the channels to reach the outlets.
Runoff
406
607 na yey!!
