AREA 2 Flashcards
The height of the levee from the water surface to the top of the levee is called:
Dike height
Freeboard
Side slope
Fetch
Freeboard
This is provided in a pipe drain to prevent seepage:
Core trench
collar
freeboard
frame
Core trench
These two culture systems in open water are considered as enclosure culture systems:
raceways and ponds
ponds and cages
pens and cages
frame
pens and cages
This type of aerator may be excellent in emergencies because it quickly raises the oxygen level in a small area, but is not good in dispersing oxygen throughout the pond:
Diffused bubble aerator
Paddle-wheel aerator
Vertical pump aerator
Aspirating aerator
Paddle-wheel aerator
hese aerators are excellent choices for medium and large ponds where movement of oxygenated water away from the aerator is important:
Diffused bubble and aspirating aerators
Paddle-wheel and aspirating aerators
Vertical pump and bubble aerators
None of the above
Vertical pump and bubble aerators
. In recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), the conversion of toxic ammonia and intermediate form nitrite to relatively harmless nitrate is called:
fractionation
ozonation
nitrificaiton
denitrification
nitrificaiton
The major aquaculture species farmed in brackish water in the country are:
Oyster and mussels
Milkfish and shrimp
Mudcrab and grouper
Tilapia and milkfish
Milkfish and shrimp
Which of the following is not a major aquaculture species in the Philippines?
carp
salmon
seaweeds
tiger prawn
salmon
This shrimp undergoes 11 larval stages to metamorphose to post larvae:
Giant tiger prawn
Whiteleg shrimp
Giant freshwater prawn
Indian shrimp
Giant freshwater prawn
Penaeid shrimps undergo these larval stages in sequence before they become post larvae:
Nauplius, megalopa, instar
Nauplius, zoea, mysis
Nauplius, mysis, zoea,
Zoea, megalopa, instar
Nauplius, zoea, mysis
The Philippines ranks as the world’s third largest producer of:
shrimp
milkfish
sea cucumber
seaweed
seaweed
.Water like in estuarine areas with intermediate salinity due to the mixing of fresh and sea water is referred to as:
freshwaer
seawater
brakishwater
marinewater
brakishwater
Breeding and growout production of commercially important marine species are done in zonified marine cages which the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources refers to as:
Industrial cage parks
Seawater cage farms
Ocean cage parks
Mariculture parks
Mariculture parks
Without additional aeration, a continuous supply of 70 gpm of oxygenated, good quality flow-through water can support approximately:
265 kg fish
300 kg fish
365 kg fish
400 kg fish
265 kg fish
Hydrologic process that refers to the lateral movement of percolating water when it encounters an impervious layer is called
seepage
groundwater flow
baseflow
interflow
interflow
When the rainfall intensity is higher than the infiltration capacity, the actual rate of infiltration is equal to
infiltration capacity
saturated hydraulic conductivity
rainfall intensity
water holding capacity
infiltration capacity
Volume of water that cannot be released from storage in an unconfined aquifer per unit horizontal area per unit decline in water table is called
specific storage
specific yield
specific retention
transmissivity
specific retention
A structure that serves as an outlet of irrigation water into the main farm ditch or service is called
offtake
flow divisor
cross regulator
turnout
turnout
Drainage system layout suitable for draining concave areas is
random
herringbone
gridiron
none of the above
herringbone
The combination of splash and sheet erosion is called
rill erosion
interrill erosion
splash erosion
gully erosion
interrill erosion
Two of the four major criteria for evaluating water quality for irrigation purposes are
pH and salinity
sodicity and pH
turbidity and salinity
salinity and sodicity
salinity and sodicity
The two depths of flow that give the same specific energy are called ________
critical depths
conjugate depths
sequent depths
alternate depths
conjugate depths
The type of precipitation that occurs when air masses converge into a low-pressure area is called
Convective
Cyclonic
Orographic
Frontal precipitation
Cyclonic
The rational equation is applicable for a
flat and small watersheds
flat and large watersheds
sloping and small watersheds
sloping and large watersheds
sloping and small watersheds
Irrigation method most suitable for row crops in mildly sloping areas with low salinity irrigation water
Basin
Border
furrow
corrugation
furrow
Which of the following statements is true?
the average velocity in an open channel is located at 0.6 of the depth measured from the bottom
the average velocity is greater than the surface velocity
the average velocity in an open channel is located at 0.4 of the depth measured from the bottom
the maximum velocity occurs at the surface
the maximum velocity occurs at the surface
The irrigation period increases with
increasing available discharge
decreasing application efficiency
decreasing irrigated area
decreasing management allowable deficit
decreasing management allowable deficit
Drainage system layout suitable for draining isolated wet spots is
.Random
Herringbone
gridiron
none of the above
Random
The field activity performed to determine the hydraulic properties of an aquifer is
Well logging
Pump testing
pumping test
well development
Pump testing
Hydrogeologic formation that contains groundwater but is not capable of transmitting it at sufficient quantities is
aquifer
aquifuge
aquiclude
aquitard
aquiclude
Hydrogeologic formation that contains groundwater that is capable of storing it and transmitting it at sufficient quantities is
aquifer
aquifuge
aquiclude
aquitard
aquifer
Streamflow is the sum of
overland flow and interflow
overland flow and baseflow
interflow and baseflow
surface runoff and baseflow
surface runoff and baseflow
When the rainfall intensity is lower than the infiltration capacity, the actual rate of infiltration is equal to
infiltration capacity
saturated hydraulic conductivity
rainfall intensity
water holding capacity
rainfall intensity
Volume of water that can be released from storage in a confined aquifer per unit horizontal area per unit decline in head is called
specific storage
specific yield
specific retention
storativity
storativity
A remedial measure that can be used to address high bicarbonate concentration in
irrigation water is
leaching
over-irrigation
liming
eutrophication
liming
A structure built along the supplementary farm ditch at the head of the internal farm ditch is called
offtake
cross regulator
flow divisor
turnout
offtake
The depth of water to be evacuated from the drainage area in one day is called
hydraulic conductivity
equivalent depth
drainage requirement
drainage coefficient
drainage coefficient
Type of erosion occurring in channel-like formations that cannot be obliterated by tillage operations is called
stream erosion
gully erosion
rill erosion
sheet erosion
gully erosion
Involves repeated pumping to remove fine materials from the groundwater and extend the radius of influence is
well logging
pumping test
pump testing
well development
well development
Area which contributes runoff or drains water into the reservoir (AMTEC, 2016 - PAES
609:2016).
A. River basin B. Runoff reservoir C. Watershed D. Drainage divide
C
A thermometer that has a constriction above the bulb that permits the mercury to rise in the
capillary tube but does not allow it to descend the capillary tube unless the thermometer is
reset (PAGASA, 2022).
A. Minimum thermometer B. Maximum thermometer C. Air thermometer D. Constrithermometer
B. Maximum thermometer
The science that encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement and properties of the
waters of the earth and their relationship with the environment (USGS, 2022).
A. Meteorology B. Hydrometeorology C. Hydrology D. Limnology
C
The study of the biological, chemical, and physical features of lakes and other bodies of fresh
water (Oxford Languages, 2022).
A. Meteorology B. Hydrology C. Hydrometeorology D. Limnology
D
A branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between
the land surface and the lower atmosphere (Wikipedia, 2022).
A. Meteorology B. Hydrometeorology C. Hydrology D. Limnology
B
Heavy rainfall or rain that accumulates at a rate of 3 tenths of an inch (0.3 inch or about 7.5
mm), or more, per hour (US National Weather Service, 2022).
A. Storm B. Typhoon C. Torrential rain D. Heavy rain
C
Dominant form of precipitation in the Philippines.
A. Flood B. Rainfall C. Runoff D. Evaporation
B
Dominant form of precipitation in the Philippines.
A. Flood B. Rainfall C. Runoff D. Evaporation
B
Method of areal rainfall determination done by computing the weighted average.
A. Averaging method B. Polygon Method C. Arithmetic method D. Isohyetal method
C
An instrument to measure depth of rainfall.
A. Rainfall dip stick B. Rain gage C. Bucket D. Rainfall meter
B
Part of rainfall which runs off the soil as surface or subsurface flow.
A. Flood B. Runoff C. Percolation D. Infiltration
B
Ratio of runoff over rainfall.
A. Runoff ratio B. Runoff/rainfall ratio C. Rainfall ratio D. Runoff coefficient
D
The part of rainfall that is stored in the root zone and can be used by the plants (FAO, 2022).
This excludes rainfall that does not reach the soil and percolation below the root zone. For
grassed soil surface, it is estimated that this rainfall is greater than 0.5 mm/day.
A. Atmospheric rainfall B. Effective rainfall C. Precipitation D. Torrential rainfall
B
The inverse of the probability of exceedance of a certain hydrologic event.
A. Hydro probability B. Probability of inceedance C. Return period D. Event probability
C
Airmass lifting process which is mountain-facilitated.
A. Natural B. Convective C. Mountain lifting D. Orographic
D
Airmass lifting process facilitated by sunlight or heating.
A. Natural B. Convective C. Mountain lifting D. Orographic
B
Indicates to what depth liquid precipitation would cover a horizontal surface in an
observation period if nothing could drain, evaporate or percolate from this surface
(Graf-Water, 2022).
A. Precipitation B. Precipitation depth C. Rainfall depth D. Water depth
B
The maximum permissible water velocity for clay loam canal surface based on PAES
603:2016 (AMTEC, 2016).
A. 1.2 m/s B. 1 m/s C. 0.9 m/s D. 0.80 m/s
D
. The minimum permissible velocity for water with sediments in lined canals based on PAES
603:2016 (AMTEC, 2016).
A. 1.2 m/s B. 1 m/s C. 0.9 m/s D. 0.80 m/s
C
Application of water in the soil to supply moisture needed for plant growth.
A. Flooding B. Sprinkling C. Irrigation D. Diverting
C
Loss of water from a channel during transport due to seepage and percolation.
A. Channel loss B. Seepage loss C. Percolation loss D. Conveyance loss
D
Depth of water flow where the energy content is at minimum hence, no other backwater forces are
involved.
A. Minimum depth B. Critical depth C. Energy depth D. Normal depth
B
Depth of water flow where the energy content is at minimum hence, no other backwater forces are
involved.
A. Minimum depth B. Critical depth C. Energy depth D. Normal depth
B
Ratio of the actual crop evapotranspiration to its potential evapotranspiration.
A. Crop ratio B. ET ratio C. Crop coefficient D. Evaporation ratio
C
Moisture content of the soil when gravitational water has been removed.
A. Soil capacity B. Gravitational moisture C. Field capacity D. Specific capacity
C
Number of days between irrigation applications.
A. Irrigation interval B. Application interval C. Dry interval D. Node interval
A
Removal of excess water.
A. Squeezing B. Run off C. Discharging D. Drainage
D
Elevated section of open channel used for crossing natural depressions.
A. Parshall flume B. Flume C. Siphon D. Elevated channel
B
Surveying instrument used for determining land areas in a topographic maps.
A. Aerometer B. Erometer C. Planimeter D. Lysimeter
C
Elevation of water surface in a stream with reference to a certain datum.
A. Stage B. Surface elevation C. Contour D. Water elevation
A
Facility for determining water consumptive use of crops in an open field.
A. Planimeter B. Lysimeter C. Consumeter D. Crop meter
B
Time required to cover an area with one application of water.
A. Irrigation interval B. Irrigation period C. Supply duration D. Application time
B
At optimal emitter spacing, drip emitter spacing is ___ of the wetted diameter estimated from
field tests.
A. 100% B. 90% C. 80% D. 85%
C
. Reference crop evapotranspiration is the rate of evapotranspiration from a reference surface
which is a hypothetical reference crop with an assumed crop height of 0.2 m and an albedo of
_______ (AMTEC, 2016 - PAES 602:2016).
A. 0.23 B. 0.25 C. 0.30 D. 0.32
A
Manufacturer’s coefficient of variation is the measure of the variability of discharge of a random
sample of a given make, model and size of emitter, as provided by the manufacturer and before
any field operations or aging has taken place determined through a discharge test of a sample of
50 emitters under a set pressure at ___ ºC (AMTEC, 2016 - PAES 608:2016 Part B).
A. 20 B. 100 C. 50 D. 30
A
Which one is the flattest canal side slope?
A. 1:1 B. 1:4 C. 4:1 D. 2:1
C
Slope of the upstream face of the embankment.
A. Downstream slope B. Outside slope C. Inside slope D. Upstream slope
C
Inside bottom or sill of the conduit.
A. Invert B. Inside base C. Inside sill D. Bottom sill
A
Closed conduit designed to convey canal water in full and under pressure running condition, to
convey canal water by gravity under roadways, railways, drainage channels and local depressions.
A. Close siphon B. Pressurized conduit C. Siphon D. Inverted siphon
D
__________ water requirement is the amount of water required in lowland rice production which
includes water losses through evaporation, seepage, percolation and land soaking.
A. Land preparation B. Irrigation C. Crop D. Field
A
_________ water requirement is the amount of water required in lowland rice production which is
a function of the initial soil moisture and the physical properties of the soil.
A. Land preparation B. Irrigation C. Crop D. Land soaking
D
Spacing between irrigation laterals.
A. Ditch spacing B. Lateral spacing C. Horizontal spacing D. Irrigation spacing
B
Deep percolation of water beyond the root zone of plants, resulting in loss of salts or nutrients.
A. Vertical percolation B. Root zone percolation C. Leaching D. Salt leaching
C
Canal with impermeable material (usually concrete) for channel stabilization and/or reduced
seepage.
A. Line canal B. Lined canal C. Unlined canal D. Impermeable canal
B
Allowable pollutant-loading limit per unit of time, which the wastewater generator is permitted to
discharge into any receiving body of water or land.
A. Pollutant limit B. Loading limit C. Allowable limit D. Wastewater limit
B
Allowable pollutant-loading limit per unit of time, which the wastewater generator is permitted to
discharge into any receiving body of water or land.
A. Pollutant limit B. Loading limit C. Allowable limit D. Wastewater limit
B
Allowable pollutant-loading limit per unit of time, which the wastewater generator is permitted to
discharge into any receiving body of water or land.
A. Pollutant limit B. Loading limit C. Allowable limit D. Wastewater limit
C
Constant flow depth along a longitudinal section of a channel under a uniform flow condition.
A. Critical depth B. Constant depth C. Laminar depth D. Normal depth
D
Maximum elevation of the water surface which can be attained by the spillway-type dam or
reservoir without flow in the spillway.
A
Maximum elevation of the water surface which can be attained in an open channel without
reaching the freeboard.
A. Normal storage B. Maximum Storage C. Critical elevation D. Design depth
D
. In what condition is the open channel freeboard used for water conveyance?
A. Maximum flow B. Emergency flow C. Inundation D. Rainy days
C
The primary purpose in limiting water flow not to go below minimum velocity.
A. Avoid percolation B. Avoid sedimentation C. Avoid critical depth D. Optimize flow
B
Open channel flow is water flow that is conveyed in such a manner that top surface is exposed to
the atmosphere such as flow in canals, ditches, drainage channels, culverts, and pipes under
_____ flow conditions.
A. Full B. Partially full C. Normal D. Critical
B
Part of the system that impounds the runoff.
A. Storage B. Reservoir C. Impounding D. Runoff collector
B
Slope at the downstream face of the embankment.
A. Outside slope B. Inside slope C. Side slope D. Soil gradient
A
Ratio between reference evapotranspiration and water loss by evaporation from an open water
surface of a pan.
A. Pan coefficient B. Evaporation ratio C. Reference pan ratio D. ET ratio
A
Rate of water loss by evaporation from an open water surface of a pan.
A. Surface evaporation B. Sunken evaporation C. Pan evaporation D. Evaporation loss
C
Vertical flow of water below the root zone which is affected by soil structure, texture, bulk
density, mineralogy, organic matter content, salt type and concentration.
A. Leaching B. Percolation C. Infiltration D. Seepage
B
Vertical flow of water to carry salts contained in water.
A. Leaching B. Percolation C. Infiltration D. Seepage
A
Method to determine the rate of flow under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross sectional
area of soil under unit hydraulic gradient.
A. Permeability test B. Laminar test C. Flow test D. Hydraulic test
A
The process by which the soil is removed from its natural place.
A. Soil removal B. Runoff C. Soil erosion D. Leaching
C
A kind of terrace which consists of a series of flattened areas.
A. Broad-base terrace B. Bench terrace C. Conservation terrace D. Rice terrace
B
The practice where legumes are plowed or incorporated into the soil.
A. Legume incorporation B. Legume manuring C. Green manuring D. Manuring
C
Farming practice where plowing and harrowing are done along the contour.
A. Contouring B. Strip cropping C. Crop row aligning D. Contour plowing
A
The simplest method of determining soil erosion over a period of time.
A. Catchment method B. Erometer method C. Plumb bob method D. Pin method
D
Advanced form of erosion.
A. Rill erosion B. Gully erosion C. Sheet erosion D. Advanced erosion
B
Dam which resists water flow of water by its weight.
A. Resisting dam B. Buttress dam C. Gravity dam D. Arc dam
C
Dam consisting of stones enclosed in cyclone wires which allows water passage.
A. Gabion dam B. Stone dam C. Cyclone dam D. Interlink dam
A
Material used to cover the soil to minimize evapotranspiration.
A. Plastic B. Mulch C. Leaves D. Soil cover
B
Geological formation shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually
carbonate rocks such as limestone or dolomite.
A. Geological layer B. Dissolved layer D. Soluble layer D. Karst topography
D
Scientific name of carabao grass commonly used in vegetated open channels.
A. Glerisedia sepium B. Paspalum conjugatum C. Cyperus rotundos D. Leucaena leucocepala
B
Philippine geographical constant for determining terrace vertical interval.
A. 0.5 B. 0.8 C. 1 D. 1.5
A
Constant for soil erodibility and cover conditions for erodible soil and poor cover.
A. 0.5 B. 0.8 C. 1 D. 1.5
C
Based on PhilMech’s 2011 and 2012 agricultural statistics of Asian countries, the Philippine
farm mechanization showed an upswing trend which recorded an average mechanization
level of 1.23 hp/ha; rice and corn farms registered the highest level of available farm power
at 2.31 hp/ha (Philippine Official Gazette, 2013). For the Philippines to level up with Japan,
the leader in Asia, agricultural and biosystems engineers should know Japan’s statistics.
What was the average level of farm mechanization in Japan as of 2012?
A. 7 hp/ha B. 8 hp/ha C. 9 hp/ha D. 10 hp/ha
A
Based on the agricultural statistics survey of PhilMech in 2011 and 2012, ____ percent of the
total farm power is available for use in production operations while the remaining percentage
is used for postharvest operations.
A. 60 B. 70 C. 80 D. 90
B
An applied science that is concerned with quantitative decision problems that generally
involve the allocation and control of limited resources (IEOR-Columbia, 2022).
A. Operations research B. Management C. Control D. Decision making
A
You are the project engineer of an ABE company having a project involving 3 constraints, 5
stages and 18 locations. To minimize project duration, which technique will you use?
A. Dynamic programming B. Linear programming C. PERT/CPM D. GANTT Charting
C
In an experiment, the total degrees of freedom increase as ___________ increases.
A. Level of significance B. Replication D. Error D. Mean square
B
In a rice yield experiment, pre-experiment data shows varying soil fertility in the field. What
experimental design should be used such that the effects of blocking can be determined?
A. RCBD B. CRD D. Latin square D. DMRT
A
Per Department of Agriculture Administrative Order No. 4, series of 2022, the minimum
inorganic fertilizer rates should be ___ bags/hectare (3 bags urea plus three bags 14-14-14 or
three bags urea plus two bags 16-20-0 and one bag 0-0-60).
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
B
Per BFAR standard, the intensive stocking density of tilapia is __ heads per square meter.
A. 3 B. 4-8 C. >8 D. 3-5
C
Intensive fish stocking density needs _________ feeds.
A. Natural feeds B. Commercial C. Organic feeds D. Plankton
B
Tilapia fingerlings daily need feeds equivalent to ____% of body weight.
A. 2-5 B. 5-10 C. 10-15 D. 15-30
C
Tilapia feeding frequency.
A. Once in 2 days B. Once daily C. 2-3 times daily D. 3-4 times daily
C
A marketable size tilapia weighs ___ grams/head.
A. >76 B. >81 C. >86 D. >91
D
Tilapia fry daily needs feeds equivalent to ____% of body weight.
A. 2-5 B. 5-10 C. 10-15 D. 15-30
D
