Area 1: Supervision Rules

Question 1

Psychologist and School Psychologist Scope of Supervision - apply to supervision of (5)

Answer 1

1. Unlicensed persons who are working towards licensure as a psychologist or school psychologist
2. Unlicensed persons who hold a master’s degree or a doctoral degree in psychology from a program approved by the board and who are supervised by a licensed psychologist
3. Other persons, not licensed in psychology or school psychology, providing psychological services under the professional supervision of a licensed psychologist or school psychologist
4. Licensed psychologists or licensed school psychologists who are functioning as supervisors or supervisees
5. Mental health workers delivering services under Chapter 1737, 1738, 1739, or 3923 or under other similarly legally established arrangements

Question 2

Purposes of Supervision (1-4)

Answer 2

1. To protect the welfare of clients receiving psychological services from a supervisee of a licensed psychologist or school psychologist
2. To protect the welfare of persons who serve as training subjects for students learning psychological procedures, or as psychology subjects for classroom demonstrations or research
3. To structure the activities of the supervisee so that competent services of a psychological nature by an unlicensed person can safely be made available to clients
4. To assure that the unlicensed person functions within the limits of his/her competence

Question 3

Purposes of Supervision (5-8)

Answer 3

5. To assure that training of an unlicensed person who intends to apply to the board for licensure occurs in a variety of activities relevant to the profession and to his/her academic background
6. To assure that the training of a licensed person who seeks supervision experience will:
   a. Expand competence in a recognized subspeciality for which the licensed person has inadequate training but does have the appropriate academic background or:
   b. Satisfy retraining requirements according to recognized standard of the “APA”
7. To assure that supervisees have non-exploitative employment or training experiences
8. To make available the general administrative, suervisory, and mental health expertise of licensed psychologists in regulating the delivery of services of other mental health professionals, as provided by law.

Question 4

Supervision Definitions - Professional Supervision in Psychology “Psychological work supervision”

Answer 4

means the professional oversight of persons who work under the licensing authority of the licensed psychologist. The psychological work shall by consistent with previous academic and professional training, both didactic and practica, of the supervisor and supervisee. Telepsychology, as the term is defined, may be used in the provision of psychological work supervision if conducted in accord with requirements set forth in B(29) of revised code. The supervisee’s work shall not include the functions of psychological diagnosis, psychological prescriptions, nor psychological client supervision.

Question 5

Supervision Definitions - Professional Supervision in Psychology “Psychological training supervision”

Answer 5

means the formal provision by licensed psychologists or licensed school psychologists of systematic education and training that is primarily case-focused and evaluative. Telepsychology may be used in the provision of psychological training supervision only as a supplement to the supervision requirements set forth in and may not replace individual face-to-face supervision requirements. The supervisory relationship supports and directs the work and professional development of graduate students (including pre-doctoral iinterns), postdoctoral trainees and other qualified individuals to help them:

a. Gain experience for purposes of licensure as psychologists
b. Develop another competency area, or
c. Develop skills in the performance of psychological procedures

Question 6

Supervision Definitions - Professional Supervision in Psychology “Psychological umbrella supervision”

Answer 6

means the supervision of a candidate for licensure to help him/her develop supervisory skills. It exists when a supervisee supervises other psychology supervisees in hazardous practices as defined in the rule under the umbrella authority of a psychologist. Supervision under umbrella supervision may be perfomed only by:

a. A postdoctoral trainee working toward licensure as a psychologist, with the training in supervision not to exceed one twelve-moth period, or
b. A pre-doctoral intern who is a graduate student in psychology or school psychology doctoral degree program, or
c. Any doctoral trainee deemed by the graduate program director of training or designee to be prepared to enter into an umbrella supervisory relationship.

Question 7

Supervision Definitions - Professional Supervision in School Psychology “School Psychological work supervision”

Answer 7

means the professional oversight of persons who work under the licensing authority of the licensed psychologist. Any work done under the authority of a licensed school psychologist shall not exceed the scope of practice described in division(E) and shall by consistent with the previous academic and professional training of the supervisor and the supervisee. Telepsychology, as the term is defined, may be used in the provision of psychological work supervision if conducted in accord with requirements set forth in B(29) of revised code.

Question 8

Supervision Definitions - Professional Supervision in School Psychology “School Psychological training supervision”

Answer 8

means the formal provision by licensed psychologists or licensed school psychologists of systematic education and training that is primarily case-focused and evaluative. Telepsychology may be used in the provision of psychological training supervision only as a supplement to the supervision requirements set forth in and may not replace individual face-to-face supervision requirements. The supervisory relationship supports and directs the work and professional development of graduate students (including pre-doctoral iinterns), postdoctoral trainees and other qualified individuals to help them:

a. Gain experience for purposes of licensure as psychologists
b. Develop skills used in the practice of school psychology

Question 9

Supervision Definitions - “Mental Health Worker Supervision”

Answer 9

The professional oversight of another licensed, certified, or registered mental health professional delivering services under Chapter 1737-39 or 3923 or the revised code, or similarly legally established arrangements, in which the psychologist provides “clinical supervision” as that term is used of the same chapters in the revised code.

Question 10

Supervision Definitions - “Administrative Supervision”

Answer 10

responsibility for office or agency organizational procedures, practices or policies, and does not involve professional supervision. The administrative supervisor may or may not be qualified to provide professional supervision as described in paragraph (A) or (B) of this rule.

Question 11

Supervision Definitions - “Psychology Intern, Psychology Fellow, Psychology Resident, Psychology Trainee, or Psychology Postdoctoral Trainee”

Answer 11

Persons under appropriate supervision, working toward licensure in psychology.

Question 12

Supervision Definitions - “School Psychology Intern, Assistant, or Trainee”

Answer 12

persons doing school psychology work under appropriate supervision, while they may or may not be working toward licensure in school psychology or psychology.

Question 13

Supervision Definitions - “Psychological Assistant”

Answer 13

a person with a master’s degree in psychology who may or may not be working toward licensure in psychology.

Question 14

Supervision Definitions - “Assistant”

Answer 14

a person with a master’s degree in a field other than psychology, working under “psychological work supervision”

Question 15

Supervision Definitions - “Psychology Aide”

Answer 15

A person with a bachlor’s degree in psychology, working under “Psychological work supervision”

Question 16

Supervision Definitions - “Aide”

Answer 16

a person with a bachlor’s degree in a field other than psychology or two or more years of college course work, such as a mental health technology degree, working under “Psychological work supervision”

Question 17

Supervision Definitions - “Telepsychology”

Answer 17

as used herein, has the same meaning as teh term is defined in paragraph (S) of the administrative code.

Question 18

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - a licensed psychologist or licensed school psychologist - Do not have a supervisory relationship with

Answer 18

1. no supervision to those who have administrative or funding authority over him/her
2. shall not enter into a supervisory relationship for psychological work as an employee of a supervisee. However, a supervisee whose supervisor is not so employed may remunerate his/her supervisor in a private practice setting for providing psychological supervision by paying a fee for an individual face-to-face supervision hour that does not exceed the supervisor’s reasonable and standard hourly fee for professional services to clients. If the supervisor charges per individual face-to-face hour of supervision, the supervise shall receive all fees from reimbursements, minus reasonable overhead expenses, for clients served by the supervisee.
3. no direct family relationship between a licensed psychologist or licensed school psychologist supervisor and a supervisee.
4. shall not provide work or training supervision to a person with whom he/she is associated in any business relationship…except one where the psychologist or the school psychologist is an employer of the supervisee for the practice of psychology or school psychology.

Question 19

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - a licensed psychologist or licensed school psychologist - Competency

Answer 19

5. not assume supervisory responsibility for psychological work that he/she is not personally competent to perform.
6. shall not supervise any person whom he/she knows is illegally providing psychological services to the public either within or outside of the supervisory relationship.
7. shall accept for training supervision, as described in paragraph (A)(2) or (B)(2) of the administrative code, for purposes of achieving competency in a recognized practice area only persons, either licensed or unlicensed, who have completed appropriate academic or professional preparation for that area or are at an appropriate level of progress toward such completion.
8. to make reasonable efforts to ensure that the supervised work of the supervisee is conducted only for clients for whom the supervisee is competent to provide services and that such services are performed in compliance with the provisions of chapter 4732.
   (13) A supervisor is responsible for determining the competencies of the supervisee as described in paragraphs (A)(1) and (B)(1) of rule 4732-13-03 of the Administrative Code and paragraph (B)(7) of this rule, and shall not assign the supervisee tasks that the supervisee is not competent to perform.

Question 20

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - a supervisor has responsibility - Diagnosis, prescription, and client supervision

Answer 20

10. for the psychological diagnosis, psychological prescription, and psychological client supervision of all clients. These responsibilities cannot be delegated to a non-psychologist or a psychological work supervisee. They may be delegated to training supervisee, as part of his/her training, only after this supervisee is registered with the board as being under training supervision as defined in paragraphs in preparation for licensure as a psychologist.
11. A supervisor has responsibility for the school psychological diagnosis, school psychological prescription, and school psychological client supervision of all clients. These responsibilities cannot be delegated to a non-psychologist, non-school psychologist, or a psychological work supervisee or school psychological work supervisee. They may be delegated to a training supervisee, as part of his/her training, only after the supervisee is registered with the board pursuant to paragraph (B)(27) of this rule as being under training supervision as defined in paragraphs (A)(2) and/or (B)(2) of rule 4732-13-03 of the Administrative Code in preparation for licensure as a psychologist.

Question 21

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - client informing and supervision records

Answer 21

12. A supervisor has full responsibility to assure that each client is clearly informed of the relationship between the supervisor and the supervisee, and their respective legal and professional responsibilities for the services rendered to or received by the client.
    (14) A supervisor shall identify each supervisee, according to rule 4732-13-03 of the Administrative Code, as to type of supervision being provided and shall so inform the supervisee and, when applicable, the work setting administrator.
    (15) A licensed psychologist or licensed school psychologist who shares ongoing supervisory responsibility for the psychological or school psychological work of a supervisee with another licensed psychologist or licensed school psychologist shall prepare a written supervision plan, available to the board, that is agreed upon and signed by each supervisor and the supervisee.
    (16) A supervisor shall keep records of supervision. These records shall include any supervision plan or agreement pursuant to paragraph (B)(15) of this rule, dates of supervision, and notes regarding supervision, including specific clients/cases reviewed. These records shall be maintained for a period of five years following the termination of supervision and shall be available for inspection by the board.

Question 22

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - Continuity of Care

Answer 22

(26) A supervisor shall make reasonable efforts to plan for continuity of client care in the event that his/her psychological services to supervisees are interrupted by factors such as illness, vacation, or other unavailability as listed in paragraph (C)(11) of rule 4732-17-01 of the Administrative Code. When a supervisor arranges such back-up supervision for a period of more than thirty working days, he/she shall notify the board in advance.

Question 23

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - Restrictive services, supspeciality, violations

Answer 23

(25) A supervisor shall specify what restricted services the supervisee will perform. In no case shall work of a hazardous nature, as defined in rule 4732-5-01 of the Administrative Code, be assigned to any supervisee with less than the appropriate academic preparation.
(27) Persons licensed by this board who are receiving supervision/consultation to add a subspecialty skill pursuant to paragraph (F)(1) of rule 4732-13-02 of the Administrative Code need not be registered with the board. The supervisor/consultant and the licensed person expanding competence in a subspecialty shall maintain a record of the supervision/consultation relationship to be provided upon request of the board.
(28) The violation of any statute or rule of the board by a supervisee may result in an investigation of the adequacy of the supervision.

Question 24

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - Telepsychology

Answer 24

(17) A supervisor shall base the intensity of the supervision and the prospective use of telepsychology in the supervisory relationship on his/her professional judgment of the supervisee’s credentials, years of experience, and the complexity of the cases under supervision and shall have direct knowledge of all clients served by his/her supervisee. This knowledge may be acquired through direct client contact or through other appropriate means such as tape recordings, videotapes, test protocols, or other client-generated material.
(29) In accord with paragraphs (A)(1), (A)(2), (B)(1), and (B)(2) of rule 4732-13-03 of the Administrative Code, licensees may conduct psychological supervision or school psychological supervision via telepsychology as follows:
(a) Licensees recognize that the use of telepsychology is not appropriate for all cases and supervisees, and decisions regarding the appropriate use of telepsychology are made on a case-by-case basis. Licensees providing supervision via telepsychology are aware of additional risks incurred when providing supervision through the use of distance communication technologies and take special care to conduct their supervision in a manner that protects the welfare of the client and ensures that the client’s welfare is paramount.
(b) Licensees establish and maintain current competence in the conduct of psychological supervision via telepsychology through continuing education, consultation, or other procedures, in conformance with prevailing standards of scientific and professional knowledge. Licensees establish and maintain competence in the appropriate use of the information technologies utilized in the rendering of psychological supervision.
(c) Licensees providing supervision via telepsychology shall:
(i) Consider and document findings specific to:
(a) Whether a given client’s presenting problems and apparent condition are consistent with the use of telepsychology in the supervisory process to the client’s benefit; and
(b) Whether the supervisee has sufficient knowledge and skills in the use of the technology involved in rendering the supervision.
(ii) Not provide supervision via telepsychology services to any supervisee when the outcome of the analysis required in paragraphs (B)(29)(c)(i)(a) and (B)(29)(c)(i)(b) is inconsistent with the delivery of supervision via telepsychology, whether related to issues involving a given case or issues involving the technological knowledge and skills of the supervisee.
(iii) Upon initial and subsequent contacts with the supervisee, make reasonable efforts to verify the identity of the supervisee;
(iv) Obtain alternative means of contacting the supervisee;
(v) Provide to the supervisee alternative means of contacting the supervisor;
(vi) Licensees, whenever feasible, use secure communications with supervisees, such as encrypted text messages via email or secure websites or secure real-time video; (vii) Prior to providing supervision via telepsychology services, the supervisor and supervisee shall enter into a written agreement, in plain language consistent with accepted professional and legal requirements, relative to:
(a) Potential risks of sudden and unpredictable disruption of supervision dependent on telepsychology services and how an alternative means of re-establishing electronic or other connection will be used under such circumstances;
(b) When and how the supervisor will respond to routine electronic messages from the supervisee;
(c) Under what circumstances the supervisor and supervisee will use alternative means of communications under emergency circumstances;
(7) Ensure that confidential communications stored electronically cannot be recovered and/or accessed by unauthorized persons when the licensee disposes of electronic equipment and data

Question 25

Supervisee responsibilities pertaining to professional work supervision and professional training supervision (1-7)

Answer 25

(1) A supervisee is subject to all relevant statutes and rules of the board.
(2) A supervisee shall not use the title “Psychologist” or “School Psychologist.”
(3) A supervisee shall not solicit clients or generate his/her own case load and shall not represent himself/herself as having independent choice of clients.
(4) A supervisee shall not collect fees for psychological work in his/her own name. All billing shall be done by the employer, the employing agency, or the licensed supervisor.
(5) A supervisee shall not independently advertise; announce the establishment of a practice; have his/her name included on business letterhead stationery, office building directory, office suite entrance door; or in any directory under the title “Psychologist”; or otherwise hold himself/herself out to the public as being authorized to provide independent psychological services.
(6) A supervisee may use a printed business card in which the name, appropriate title, supervisor, and supervisory relationship are stated. Such cards shall not identify any procedure or technique performed as a supervisee.
(7) A supervisee shall use an appropriate title, specified by the supervisor, such as found in paragraph (E), (F), (G), or (H) in rule 4732-13-03 of the Administrative Code.

Question 26

Supervisee responsibilities pertaining to professional work supervision and professional training supervision (8-11)

Answer 26

(8) A supervisee’s degrees earned from accredited universities, credentials granted by the state of Ohio, and appropriate job titles may be published or posted so long as they do not confuse the clients’ understanding that the work is psychological in nature and that the supervising psychologist or school psychologist is professionally responsible for the work.
(9) The professional activities of the supervisee shall be limited to only those procedures that are delegable under these rules by the supervising licensed psychologist or licensed school psychologist.
(10) A supervisee shall carry out his/her psychological or school psychological activities in a suitable professional setting over which the supervisor has responsibility for assignment and management of the supervisee’s professional activities. All psychological activities of the supervisee shall be performed pursuant to the licensed supervisor’s directives. Reasonable efforts shall be taken to ensure that the supervisee provides services in compliance with the provisions of Chapter 4732. of the Revised Code and associated administrative rules.
(11) A supervisee may pay a fee to a supervisor for supervision in a private practice setting only in accord with paragraphs (B)(2) and (B)(23) of this rule.

Question 27

Supervisee responsibilities pertaining to professional work supervision and professional training supervision - client informed of supervisor

Answer 27

(12) A supervisee and supervisor are both responsible for ensuring that all clients are informed of the supervised nature of the work of the supervisee, and of the ultimate professional responsibility of the supervisor. In the case of adult, legally competent clients receiving psychotherapy and other psychological interventions as described in rule 4732-5-01 of the Administrative Code, this information shall be provided in the form of a written statement explained and given to each client at the initial professional contact. In the case of other clients, this information may be provided in the form of a statement given to the guardian of the client. In terms of clients receiving services for psychological evaluations as described in rule 4732-5-01 of the Administrative Code and/or from individuals working in agencies and/or hospitals, such a statement may be modified to meet the circumstances unique to the facility and the client. The statement shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
(a) Brief description of services to be provided and the office procedures;
(b) Name of supervising psychologist or school psychologist;
(c) Schedule of charges and an indication that the billing will come from the supervisor or agency or institution under the supervisor’s name;
(d) Professional address and telephone number of the supervisor;
(e) Statement on the limits of confidentiality, including the possible need to report certain information according to law, and the supervisor’s review of the client’s progress;
(f) Statement about the parameters of the professional relationship involving the psychologist or school psychologist, the supervisee, and the client;
(g) Statement about the availability of the supervisor to meet with the client, on request;
(h) Signature of the psychologist, the supervisee, and the client(s) or guardian…with one copy being maintained by the supervisor.

Question 28

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - Consultation

Answer 28

(21) A supervisor shall require the supervisee to have consultation with relevant professionals other than the supervisor when counseling or intervention is indicated concerning personal problems.

Question 29

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - a licensed psychologist or licensed school psychologist - Competency

Answer 29

5. not assume supervisory responsibility for psychological work that he/she is not personally competent to perform.
6. shall not supervise any person whom he/she knows is illegally providing psychological services to the public either within or outside of the supervisory relationship.
7. shall accept for training supervision, as described in paragraph (A)(2) or (B)(2) of the administrative code, for purposes of achieving competency in a recognized practice area only persons, either licensed or unlicensed, who have completed appropriate academic or professional preparation for that area or are at an appropriate level of progress toward such completion.

Question 30

Supervisee responsibilities pertaining to professional work supervision and professional training supervision (13-15)

Answer 30

(13) The supervisee and the supervisor are both responsible for ensuring that supervisee evaluative reports and letters dealing with client welfare are co-signed by the licensed psychologist or licensed school psychologist serving as supervisor.
(14) A supervisee not under training supervision, who does psychological diagnosis, psychological prescription, or psychological client supervision, shall be deemed to be practicing psychology without a license, subject to the penalties of sections 4732.24 and 4732.99 of the Revised Code.
(15) In accordance with section 4732.17 of the Revised Code, the board may refuse to issue a license to any supervisee who violates any provision of Chapter 4732. of the Revised Code or any rules adopted by the board.

Question 31

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - a licensed psychologist or licensed school psychologist - Number of supervisees

Answer 31

8. shall not concurrently supervise more than four unlicensed persons who are working under professional work and/or training supervision, as defined in paragraph (a) or (b) of the administrative code, without the written, express permission of the state board of psychology. This limitation on supervision does not apply to mental health worker supervision as described in paragraph (a) of this rule.

Question 32

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - a licensed psychologist or licensed school - board registration

Answer 32

24) Except for supervisees described in paragraph (B)(27) of this rule. A licensed psychologist or licensed school psychologist serving as a supervisor shall register with the board all supervisees who will perform psychological or school psychological work, under his/her authority, that is restricted under rule 4732-5-01 of the Administrative Code, including a licensee of this board who is:
(a) Completely retraining for a general specialty of psychology pursuant to paragraph (F)(2) of rule 4372-13-02 of the Administrative Code; or
(b) Being trained for the purpose of earning a different license pursuant to paragraph (F)(3) of rule 4732-13-02 of the Administrative Code.

Question 33

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - Exploitation

Answer 33

(18) A supervisor shall not engage in sexual intercourse or other sexual intimacies with any supervisee; or, engage in sexual harassment or any verbal or nonverbal conduct that is sexual in nature with any supervisee.
(19) A supervisor shall not exploit the supervisee for financial gain or with excessive work demands.
(20) A supervisor shall not allow exploitation of a supervisee by an agency with which the supervisor and the supervisee are affiliated.

Question 34

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - Training Supervision

Answer 34

(22) When training supervision is provided to assist the supervisee toward licensure in psychology or school psychology:
(a) A supervisor and supervisee shall have a written agreement describing the goals and content of the training experience, including clearly stated expectations for:
(i) The nature of the experiences offered through supervision,
(ii) The expected working arrangements, quantity, and quality of the trainee’s work, and
(iii) The financial arrangements between the supervisee and his/her employer.
(b) A supervisor shall ensure that the training provides adequate breadth of experience to enhance the supervisee’s professional attitudes, responsibility, communication skills, critical judgment, and technical skills. Training experiences shall not take place until the supervisee has initiated or completed appropriate educational preparation, including both didactic and practica course work.
(c) Paragraph (B)(17) of this rule notwithstanding, A supervisor shall schedule individual face-to-face training supervision for no less than five per cent of the weekly client contact time More time may be needed, depending upon the supervisee’s credentials, experience, and the complexity of the cases being supervised.
(d) When appropriate to meet the training needs of the supervisee, the supervisor shall arrange for consultation with other relevant professionals.

Question 35

Requirements Pertaining to Supervision - Supervisor Responsibilities - Group Supervision

Answer 35

(23) Group supervision where there is significant discussion of cases is encouraged. However, group supervision as part of training supervision shall not be a substitute for required individual face-to-face supervision. Under no circumstance shall a supervisor charge a supervisee for group supervision.