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ABE REVIEW 2024 > AREA 1 > Flashcards

AREA 1 Flashcards

Machinery for Bio-Production Systems

1
Q

It refers to the machinery and equipment for the production, harvesting, processing, storage, manufacture, preserving, transporting and distribution of agricultural and fisheries products.

A

Bio- production machinery

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2
Q

RA 10601 is known as

A

Agricultural and Fisheries Mechanization (AFMech) Law

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3
Q

The 7 features of machines that can be of help in selecting farm machinery

A
  1. Trade Mark
  2. Materials
  3. Ease of operation
  4. Ease of maintenance
  5. Safety
  6. Source of repair
  7. Power Source
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4
Q

3 main sources of power in the farm

A
  1. Human power
  2. Animal power
    3.Electric motors
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5
Q

How much power can a carabao, the major beast of burden in the Philippines, generate under favorable conditions?

A

1 hp

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6
Q

In percentage, how much of the carabao’s power can be used for draft work?

A

70-75 %

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7
Q

The contribution of animal power in the farm

A

0.16 hp/ha or

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8
Q

About what percentage of the carabao’s weight can be used for draft work?

A

15%

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9
Q

The oldest source of power in the farm

A

Human power

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10
Q

About __hp can be generated by human power under favorable conditions

A

0.1 hp (10% of animal power)

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11
Q

Reasons why human power is still considered as major sources of power in the farm

A
  1. Size of farm
  2. Topography
  3. Crops grown
  4. High cost of equipment
  5. High cost and non-availability of fuel
  6. Availability of lower cost labor
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12
Q

Electro-mechanical devices used to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy

A

Electric motors

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13
Q

Energy conversion efficiency of electric motors

A

50-99%

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14
Q

Energy conversion efficiency of gasoline engine

A

25%

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15
Q

Energy conversion efficiency of diesel

A

40%

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16
Q

It is where the specifications of the motor can be seen

A

Nameplate

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17
Q

NEMA

A

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

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18
Q

L&raquo_space; Less than 1 HP&raquo_space; 9.0 - 9.99 kVA

L or M&raquo_space; 1 1/2 - 2HP&raquo_space; 9.0 - 11.19 kVA

K&raquo_space; 3 HP&raquo_space; 8.0 - 8.99 kVA

J&raquo_space; 5HP&raquo_space; 7.1 - 7.99 kVA

H&raquo_space; 7.5 - 10 HP&raquo_space; 6.3 - 7.09 kVA

G&raquo_space; More than 15HP&raquo_space; 5.6 - 6.29 kVA

A

Standard 3-phase motor locked rotor codes

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19
Q

The torque supplied by the motor should be ____ than the load torque (from start to full speed) to prevent motor from stalling

A

Greater than

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20
Q

It indicates the maximum load that can be successfully carried by the motor if it is to operate continuously and remain within the safe temperature range .

A

service factor

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21
Q

A heat engine that converts the heat energy of fuels to mechanical energy (combustion happens inside the cylinder)

A

Internal combustion engine

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22
Q

Thermal efficiency of Internal Combustion Engine

A

15-40%

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23
Q

It is the part of combustion engine that confines the expanding gases and forms the combustion chamber

A

Cylinder

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24
Q

Part of the engine that forms the cover on one end of the cylinder

A

Cylinder head

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25
Q

It covers the other end of the cylinder; slides inside the cylinder to transmit the force of the expansion to the connecting rod and drives the crankshaft into rotary motion

A

piston

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26
Q

Part of the engine that effects a tight seal against the cylinder wall

A

Piston rings

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27
Q

Transmits the power of combustion from the piston to the crankshaft

A

Connecting rod

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28
Q

It converts the reciprocation motion of the piston to rotary motion by means of a crank and two bearing supports

A

Crankshaft

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29
Q

It stores the energy during power stroke and returns this energy during the idle strokes producing a uniform rotation

A

Flywheel

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30
Q

Open and close the ports leading into and out of the combustion chamber

A

Valves

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31
Q

It produces the spark to initiate the ignition of the fuel and air mixture

A

Spark plug

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32
Q

It covers the crankshaft and holds the oil that holds the lubrication of the moving parts

A

Crankcase

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33
Q

It is a series of events occurring one after the other in a definite order and repeats itself after the last event has occurred

A

Cycle

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34
Q

4 events in an engine cycle

A
  1. Intake
  2. Compression
  3. Power
  4. Exhaust
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35
Q

It is when air or air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber

A

Intake

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36
Q

It is when air or air-fuel mixture is compressed inside the combustion chamber

A

Compression

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37
Q

Air-fuel mixture is ignited resulting to a very rapid expansion of the burning mixture

A

Power

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38
Q

Burned gases are removed from the combustion chamber, and the cycle is repeated

A

Exhaust

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39
Q

The fuel used in spark-ignition engine

A

gasoline fuel

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40
Q

The metering device used in spark-ignition engine

A

Carburetor

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41
Q

This engine uses the spark produced by the spark plug to ignite the compressed air-fuel mixture. The fuel used is gasoline

A

Spark-ignition engine

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42
Q

Implements are attached to the tractor via ____

A

3 point hitch

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43
Q

This engine uses the heat of compressed air to ignite the fuel. Only air enters in the intake valve

A

compression-ignition engine

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44
Q

Number of power events in 4-stroke engine

A

1 per 2 revolution of crankshaft

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45
Q

Number of power events in 2-stroke engine

A

2 per 2 revolutions of crankshaft

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46
Q

In terms of power output, 4-stroke engine is ___than 2 stroke engine

A

Lower

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47
Q

2-stroke engine is __ times larger than 4-stroke engine in terms of power output

A

1.5 times

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48
Q

2-stroke engine is ___ percent more in fuel consumption that 4-stroke engine

A

15%

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49
Q

Reason why 2-stroke engine is moved to be phased out, and 4-stroke engine is preferable

A

Because it has more carbon deposit than 4-stroke engine

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50
Q

Compression ratio of spark-ignition engine

A

5-8:1

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51
Q

Compression ratio of compression-ignition engine

A

14-22:1

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52
Q

Thermal efficiency of spark-ignition engine

A

25-30%

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53
Q

Thermal efficiency of compression-ignition engine

A

30-36%

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54
Q

Fuel used in compression-ignition engine

A

diesel

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55
Q

Air-fuel mixture of diesel engine (compression-ignition engine)

A

15-100:1

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56
Q

Air-fuel mixture of gasoline engine (spark-ignition engine)

A

12-15:1

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57
Q

Term used to describe the diameter of a cylinder.

A

Bore (D)

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58
Q

The distance the piston moves from BDC to TDC

A

Stroke (L)

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59
Q

It is equal to the volume displaced by the piston as it moves from BDC to TDC

A

Piston Displacement (Pd)

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60
Q

Volume of the cylinder when the piston is at TDC

A

Clearance Volume (CV)

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61
Q

Volume of the cylinder when the piston is at BDC . It is equal to Pd +CV

A

Total volume (TV)

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62
Q

Ratio of Total volume and Clearance volume (Pd+CV)/CV

A

Compression ratio

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63
Q

A mechanical device consisting of an engine and power transmission. The engine ranges from 3 hp to 100 hp

A

tractor

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64
Q

It produces rotary power for the operation of rotary implements

A

PTO

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65
Q

Single-axle machine powered by an engine ranging from 3 hp-15 hp. They are commonly used for land preparation, planting, cultivating, harvesting, and transport

A

Two wheel tractors

66
Q

A type of two-wheel tractor that provides pulling power through its drawbar.

A

Traction type

67
Q

Fitted with a drawbar for traction and a power-take-off (PTO) for rotary work

A

General-purpose type

68
Q

Double-axle machine powered by an engine ranging from 15 hp-100 hp

A

4-wheel tractor

69
Q

A slow moving vehicle (up to 30 kph) with high torque on the driving wheels

A

4-wheel tractor

70
Q

power rating of compact tractors

A

below 32 hp

71
Q

Tractors with power rating of 32 hp to 49 hp

A

standard light tractors

72
Q

Tractors with power rating of 40 hp-59 hp

A

standard light-medium tractors

73
Q

Tractors with power rating of 60-79

A
74
Q

Tractors with more than 90 hp

A

standard heavy tractors

75
Q

It provides the draft power, rotary power, and lifting power of the tractor. It is the second major component of the tractor

A

Transmission system

76
Q

It is a method of power transmission wherein the load is directly connected to the engine by some kind of flange device. Its transmission efficiency is 100%

A

Direct coupling

77
Q

a method of transmission, the cause of lesser efficiency is slippage

A

Belt and pulley

78
Q

Transmission efficiency is less than or equal to 100% due to chain slack

A

Chain and sprockets

79
Q

Transmission efficiency is less than or equal to 100% due to gear slack

A

Gear system

80
Q

Used to transmit rotary motion between parallel shafts

A

spur gears

81
Q

Used to transmit motion between intersecting shafts

A

bevel gears

82
Q

Used to connect and disconnect the load from the engine

A

clutch

83
Q

The direction of rotation of two gears is

A

Opposite each other

84
Q

Any physical soil manipulation which changes the structure of the soil, kills weeds, and rearranges dead plant materials

A

Tillage

85
Q

The initial cutting, breaking and usually inversion of soil. Implements used are moldboard, disc and chisel plows and subsoilers cutting the soil to a depth of 15 cm to 90 cm (6” to 36”)

A

Primary Tillage (Plowing)

86
Q

Subsequent breaking, pulverization and leveling of the soil making it ready for planting. Implements used are disc, spike-tooth and spring-tooth harrows. Cuts the soil with depth up to 7 cm to 15 cm (3” to 6”). Also called harrowing

A

Secondary Tillage

87
Q

Combined primary and secondary tillage in one operation. Implements used are rotavator and floating tiller which cuts the soil up to 15 cm or 6 in

A

General purpose tillage

88
Q

An unplowed soil

A

Land

89
Q

The ribbon of soil cut, lifted, inverted and thrown to one side of the plow bottom

A

Furrowslice

90
Q

Trench or canal left by furrowslice

A

Furrow

91
Q

Raised ridge when two furrowslices overlap each other

A

Back furrow

92
Q

Trench left equal to two furrows when furrowslices are thrown on opposite direction

A

Dead furrow

93
Q

Unbroken side of the furrow

A

Furrow wall

94
Q

A primary tillage equipment that cuts the soil to a depth of 15 cm to 46 cm (6”-18”). It is adapted to the breaking of many types of soil and is well suited for turning under and covering crop residues

A

Moldboard plow

95
Q

It provides the cutting edge of the moldboard plow bottom

A

Share

96
Q

Also called the sliding bottom. It holds the share, moldboard and the landslide, and the beam is also bolted on this piece of metal

A

Frog

97
Q

It receives the furrow slice from the share, lifts, inverts and throws it to one side of the plow bottom

A

Moldboard

98
Q

Counteracts the side pressure exerted by the furrow

A

Landslide

99
Q

The bend downward of the point of share to make the plow penetrate the soil to the proper depth

A

Vertical clearance

100
Q

Bend outward or sideward of the point of the share towards the unplowed land to make the plow cut the proper width

A

Horizontal clearance

101
Q

The size of the moldboard plow bottom which is the perpendicular distance between the wing and the point of the share

A

Width of cut of the plow bottom

102
Q

It was developed in an effort to reduce friction in the sliding moldboard plow bottom by using a rotating disc plow bottom

A

Disc plow

103
Q

It is the round and concave disc of heat-hardened soil. It is rotated by the soil during cutting

A

Disc

104
Q

Curved plate placed on the concave side of the disc to scrape off the soil and throw it on the side of the plow

A

Scraper

105
Q

It presses against the furrow wall to resist the side pressure exerted by the soil against the plow

A

Rear furrow wheel

106
Q

It is the angle the disc makes with the vertical to make the disc penetrate the soil to the proper depth

A

Tilt angle

107
Q

The common tilt ange of the disc

A

15-25 degrees

108
Q

It is the angle the disc makes with the direction of travel to make the disc cut the proper width and allow the disc to rotate

A

Side or disc angle

109
Q

The optimal side angle of the disc plow is

A

42-45 degrees

110
Q

It is influenced by the disc diameter, depth of cut and disc angle

A

The width of cut of disc plow bottom

111
Q

It is determined by the resistance of the soil to tillage operation, the speed of plowing, sharpness of the cutting edge and the over-all adjustment of the plow

A

Draft

112
Q

It is the force required to cut a unit cross sectional area of the soil and determines the resistance of the soil

A

Specific draft

113
Q

It is the product of the specific draft, width and depth

A

Draft

114
Q

Increasing speed of the tractor, _____ the draft

A

Increases

115
Q

When planting a corn, the seed is buried to a usual depth of ___

A

5 cm

116
Q

It is a method of plowing where the plowing starts at the center line of the field, and the furrow is left along the outside of the plowed field
a. Gathering plowing
b. Casting plowing
c. Plowing from the center
d. Return plowing
e. Round-about plowing
f. One way plowing

A

Gathering plow

117
Q

It is the plowing that starts from the outer side of the field, and the furrow slice is turned outwards. After the plowing, a furrow is left at the center of the plowed land
a. Gathering plow
b. Casting plow
c. Plowing from the center
d. Return plowing
e. Round-about plowing
f. One way plowing

A

Casting plowing

118
Q

The field is plowed in continuous circuit, starting from either the center of the field or from the outer edge
a. Gathering plow
b. Casting plow
c. Plowing from the center
d. Return plowing
e. Round-about plowing
f. One way plowing

A

Round-about plowing

119
Q

Plowing is started at the corner of the field, and the circuit proceeds inwards turning the furrow slice for hillside plowing
a. Gathering plow
b. Casting plow
c. Plowing from the center
d. Return plowing
e. Round-about plowing
f. One way plowing

A

Plowing from the center

120
Q

The land is plowed in a one direction only. This procedure is suitable for hillside plowing
a. Gathering plow
b. Casting plow
c. Plowing from the center
d. Return plowing
e. Round-about plowing
f. One way plowing

A

One way plowing

121
Q

The land is plowed in both directions side by side. This procedure can be practiced by reversible type, turn-wrest type, or symmetric tillage implements such as two-way type driven disc plow
a. Circuit plowing
b. Consecutive plowing
c. Return plowing

A

Consecutive plowing

122
Q

In the equation C=SWEff/10, W is

A

width of cut, m

123
Q

In the equation C= SWEff/10, S is

A

Speed of the tractor/ pulling equipment in kph

124
Q

It is a secondary tillage implement used to cut the soil to a depth of 7 cm to 15 cm or 3-6 in. It consists of two or more sets of disc gangs

A

Disc Harrow

125
Q

It is the round and concave disc of heat-hardened steel with sharpened edges to break the soil

A

disc

126
Q

It is the assembly of discs all rotating together on a common shaft (3-13 discs at 7 cm to 30 cm, 6” to 12”) spacing per disc)

A

Disc gang

127
Q

Straight or curved plate placed on the concave side of the disc to scape-off the soil

A

Scraper

128
Q

Flanged tube inserted on the common shaft between two discs to maintain disc spacing

A

Spool

129
Q

It is a washer on one of the common shaft to absorb the end thrust of the gang

A

Bumper

130
Q
A
131
Q

How many bearings are there in the disc gang of a disk harrow

A

2-3 bearings per gang

132
Q

Difference of Disc harrow and Disc plow

A

Disc plow cuts the soil deeper than the disc harrow

133
Q

Consists of two gangs of discs placed end-to-end which throws the soil in opposite direction

A

Single-action disc harrow

134
Q

Consists of four gangs of discs. Two gangs in front as in single-action and two gangs at the rear

A

Double-action disc harrow

135
Q

Consists of two gangs of disc. One gang located behind the other and operated in an offset position in relation to the tractor

A

Offset disc harrow

136
Q

The size of disc harrow is determined by

A

the number and diameter of the discs and the width of cut

137
Q

For single-action disc harrow, the width of cut is determined by the formula, W=(0.95NS+0.3D)/1000. S is the disc spacing in ___

A

mm

138
Q

Formula for the width of cut of single action disc harrow

A

W=(0.95NS+0.3D)/1000

139
Q

Width of cut formula for double-action disc harrow

A

W=(0.95NS+1.2D)/1000

140
Q

Width of cut formula for offset disc harrow

A

W=(0.95NS+0.6D)/1000

141
Q
A
142
Q

The angle between the axis of the gang and the line perpendicular to the direction of the motion. Set 18 degrees when measuring the width of cut

A

Gang angle

143
Q

It is consist of long rigid spike clamped or welded to crossbars on a staggered arrangement to attain maximum stirring and raking of the soil.

A

Spike-tooth harrow

144
Q

It is effective in killing weeds that are just starting. It can be used to cultivate corn, cotton and other row crops during early stages of growth

A

Spike-tooth harrow

145
Q

Consists of long, flat and curved teeth made from spring steel. The curved teeth are welded to cross bars on a staggered arrangement. The spring characteristics allows the teeth to flex and slide over obstruction

A

Spring-tooth harrow

145
Q

It removes the plant grown from the soil without cutting it up. It is suitable for use in rough and stony ground

A

Spring-tooth harrow

146
Q

It is a general purpose tillage equipment which is constructed with a set of cutting knives or tines mounted on a horizontal power-driven shaft rotating at high speed. The knives slice thin sections of the soil and pulverize them by centrifugal force. It is suited for both dry and wet land operations

A

Rotavator

147
Q

It is specifically designed power tillers for wet land operations, fitted with front-mounted cutting blades on a cagewheel

A

Floating power tillers

148
Q

A mechanical device used to place seeds or planting materials in the soil for crop production

A

Planting equipment

149
Q

Planters designed to plant seeds or plants in rows far enough apart to permit the subsequent entry of machinery

A

Row -crop planters

150
Q

It is designed to plant seeds continuously in rows with row spacing greater than 36 cm

A

Row-crop drill planter

151
Q

designed to plant one or more seeds or plants in rows and hills

A

Hill-drop planters

152
Q

Planters designed to plant seeds or plants in patterns which do not allow subsequent entry of machinery

A

Solid planters

153
Q

designed to plant seeds continuously in rows with row spacing less than 36 cm

A

Solid drill planters

153
Q

Designed to scatter the seeds uniformly over the surface of the field without definite rows and hills. Seeds are covered by harrowing

A

Broadcasters

154
Q

part of the planter which makes a furrow

A

Furrow opener

155
Q

part of a planter that meters the seeds

A

metering device

156
Q

It deposits the seeds

A

Seed tube

157
Q
A
158
Q
A
159
Q
A
160
Q
A

ABE REVIEW 2024 (2 decks)

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