ARE SPD Flashcards
Detains water for a while before it enters the sewer system, uses a restrictor
detention pond
Retains water in one place as it slowly seeps into the groundwater
retention pold
Smaller pipe at the base of a detention pond that restricts the flow of water into the sewer system so that the system is not overwhelmed
restrictor
Name the % slope designations necessary for memorization
2% min, 25% grassy max, 50% max
How many square feet are in an acre?
43,560 SF
The English founder of the Garden City Movement. He published “To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform” (1898), the description of a Utopian city in which people live harmoniously together with nature. The publication resulted in the founding of the movement, and the building of the first Garden City, Letchworth.
Ebenezer Howard (1850 - 1928)
Real estate term for any work done to a site
improvement
Typical test used by the soils engineer to form their bearing report. Typically uses a split spoon sampler (also called a SPT sampler).
Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
Boring test typically used in a Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Uses a hollow tube that is pounded into the ground. The number of blows required to pound the tube into the ground are recorded, as well as the contents of the soil(s) found in each boring.
split spoon sampler
On-site geotechnical testing method used to estimate the undrained shear strength of fully saturated clays specifically. The procedure involves rotating a vane through the soil and measuring the torque until the soil fails in shear on a cylindrical surface around the vane.
vane shear test
Method used to determine the geotechnical engineering properties of soils and delineating soil stratigraphy. The method consists of pushing an instrumented cone, with the tip facing down, into the ground at a controlled rate. Achieves similar outcomes to the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and can be used interchangeably.
Cone Penetration Test/Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT)
Upper surface of the zone of saturation, also known as the water table
saturation point
Where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with water. A constant water table is good, a fluctuating water table can cause issues and must be understood.
zone of saturation
In addition to soils information, the soils engineer’s bearing report will include what?
foundation recommendation
A system used to pump groundwater away from a specific area when building below the water table.
de-watering
The steepest angle of descent or dip relative to the horizontal plane to which a material can be piled without slumping. The angle is related to the density, surface area and shapes of the particles, and the coefficient of friction of the material.
angle of repose
System of temporarily supporting the earth when excavating a site. This process is expensive, so it is only used when necessary (i.e. on tight sites, with consideration for close neighbors)
shoring
This is exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity. It increases in proportion to depth measured from the surface because of the increasing weight of fluid exerting downward force from above.
hydrostatic pressure
System of temporary support during excavation where steel is jammed into the ground and epoxied. It is an alternative to bracing, which gets in the way of work within the excavation.
deadmen
System of support during excavation designed for deep foundation applications. They are designed to transfer structural loads away from surface soils, which do not have the mechanical properties to support large buildings, to deeper beating strata soils. They are most commonly used in dense soils or rock where no piling system is better for offering pule resistance at the tip for point bearing capacity.
H-piles
Engineering technique used to build reinforced concrete walls in areas of soft earth close to open water, or with a high groundwater table. (typ. for waterfront sites)
slurry walls
The notion that the shape of soil will impact its capacity.
containment
A phenomenon whereby a saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress, usually earthquake shaking or other sudden change in stress condition, causing it to behave like a liquid.
liquefaction
Used along foundation walls to slope rainwater away from the wall, common materials used are clay and concrete
hard pack
Typical parking space dimensions and SF allocation/car
9’ x 19’, 300 - 350 SF/car
Trees having green leaves throughout the year, as opposed to decidious
evergreen
A length of pipe, running under a road or other barrier, used to drain or carry water.
culvert
The general pattern of movement of the water on, under, and above the earth.
water cycle
Trees which shed leaves annually, as opposed to evergreens.
deciduous
The rights to the use or control of the air space above a property.
air rights
The elevation of the ground surface after completion of all work.
finish grade
The length of a lot line along a street or other public way.
frontage
The right of an owner to have ingress and egress to and from a property.
access right
Clay pipe, usually with open joints, used to convey water away from a footing or to disperse liquid in a septic tank field.
drain tile
A fictitious temperature which would produce the same physiological effect as the combined effects of temperature, humidity, and air movement.
effective temperature
The surface flow of water from an area.
run-off
Describing cone-bearing evergreen trees and shrubs, such as pine, spruce, fir, and cedar.
coniferous
The process by which water vapor escapes into the atmosphere from plants.
transpiration
A parcel of land.
plot
A stone guard to prevent damage to a wall; also a freestanding stone post to divert vehicular traffic.
bollard
The rate of rise or descent of a sloping surface. Also, to remove and/or add earth in order to bring the ground surface to a specified elevation or profile.
grade
Earth that is replaced around a foundation or retaining wall after the concrete forms have been removed.
backfill
A line, usually parallel to a property line, beyond which a structure may not extend.
building line
An ornamental garden arrangement.
parterre
An underground geological formation through which water flows.
aquifer
The expected maximum depth of frost penetration in the ground in a given area. Foundation footings must be fully below this depth at the perimeter of a building.
frost line or frost depth
The height above a known point of reference, often taken as the height above sea level.
elevation
An approximately level building area.
pad
Earth which is removed (cut) and earth which is added (fill) in grading.
cut and fill
An underground pipe or drain used to carry off rain water (storm sewer) or waste matter (sanitary sewer).
sewer
A housing pattern in which units face into a common open space.
court pattern
A fictitious temperature assigned to a combination of actual temperature and wind velocity which has the same physiological effect as still air at the wind chill index temperature. It is also known as chill factor.
wind chill index
A circumferential or loop roadway around an urban area or development.
ring road
An excavated, level terrace in a slope used to collect running water.
bench
A pit , usually filled with coarse stone, into which water is conducted for leaching out into surrounding soil.
dry well
The gradual wearing away or disintegration of land caused by water, wind, and so on running over its surface.
erosion
Structures or plants which, because of their form and location, reduce wind velocities.
windbreak
The lowest point of the inside of a drain, pipe, channel, or other liquid-carrying conduit.
invert
A fictitious temperature assigned to a combination of actual temperature and wind velocity which has the same physiological effect as still air at the chill factor temperature. It is also known as wind chill index.
chill factor
In surveying, a direction stated in degrees, minutes, and seconds as an angular deviation east or west from due north or south.
bearing
The amount or degree of moisture in an area, a determining element of weather.
humidity
The design and arrangement of natural elements on a site.
landscaping
A public service, such as telephone, water, gas, or electricity.
utility
The natural and manmade things, conditions, and influences surrounding a person, community, or place.
environment
The total horizontal area within the boundary lines of a parcel of land.
lot area
The percentage of total rainfall which is not absorbed in the ground and, hence, runs off. It must be collected in a system of surface and subsurface drains.
runoff coefficient
The climatic characteristics unique to a very small area.
microclimate
The digging or removal of earth.
excavation
The geographic area from which the participants in an activity are drawn, such as the customers of a shopping center or the employees of a manufacturing plant.
catchment
A hole through which a person can enter a sewer, pipe, conduit, and so on for inspection, repair, or maintenance.
manhole
The difference of elevation between adjacent contour lines.
contour interval
A belvedere or viewing place
gazebo
A log showing the types of soil encountered in a test boring and other relevant information.
soil boring log
Inclination or slant, especially of the ground surface.
slope
The extension of a building into the property of another.
encroachment
The intersection of two roads at different levels so that vehicles may move from one road to the other without crossing the stream of traffic. Also called interchange.
grade separation
The amount by which the average outdoor temperature at a particular location is below 65 degrees Farenheit for one day. Degree days may also be summed and stated for a month or year.
degree day (dd)
The temperature of air at which the water contained in the air begins to condense and form dew. It is therefore the temperature at which the air is at 100% relative humidity.
dew point
A road or path reserved for bicycle traffic.
bikeway
A horizontal plane elevation used as a reference for other elevations in surveying and mapping.
datum
The land surrounding a flowing stream over which water spreads when a flood occurs.
flood plain
A type of residential siting in which a series of housing units are grouped closely together and surrounded by open space.
cluster
The ratio of the area covered by buildings to the total lot area, expressed as a percentage.
land coverage
Land on which buildings have not yet been constructed, but which contains utilities and streets.
improved land
A partial obstruction against flow, in a duct or pipe.
baffle
The process of controlling, collecting, transporting, and disposing of excess water.
drainage
A sievelike device at the entrance to a storm sewer which traps matter that could block the sewer.
catch basin
A statement, often required by a governmental body, which assesses the environmental impact of a proposed development.
environmental impact statement
A street, alley, or other thoroughfare or easement permanently established for passage of persons or vehicles.
way
A semicircular open area, with or without a roof, providing a continuous seat.
exedra
The number of degrees north or south of the equator of a point on the earth’s surface.
latitude
The level below which the subsoil is completely saturated with water. Also called the water table.
groundwater level
The study of the pattern of relations between a community or organisms and its environment.
ecology
The layer of soil beneath the topsoil.
subsoil
Product of designing pathways in the wrong place; also called a cow path
desire line
laid the foundations of land policy until passage of the Homestead Act in 1862. It established the basis for the Public Land Survey System, and how new towns in America would be laid out.
Land Ordinance of 1785
