ARDs

Question 1

define ARDs

Answer 1

non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and diffuse lung inflammation syndrome

Question 2

what is the pathophysiology of ARDs ?

Answer 2

A syndrome of increased vascular permeability leading to fluid accumulation in the alveoli
– may be caused by direct lung injury or occur secondary to severe systemic illness

Question 3

what are the common causes of ARDs?

Answer 3

o	Infection: sepsis, pneumonia 
o	Massive blood transfusion 
o	Trauma 
o	Smoke inhalation 
o	Acute pancreatitis 
o	Cardio-pulmonary bypass. 
o	Covid-19

Question 4

presenting symptoms of ARDs?

Answer 4

● SOB
● Respiratory distress (increased rate)
● Cough
● Acute onset

Question 5

signs of ARDs on examination?

Answer 5

●	Cyanosis
●	Tachypnoea 
●	Tachycardia
●	Bilateral widespread fine inspiratory crackles
●	Hypoxia

Question 6

what are the diagnostic criteria of ARDs?

Answer 6

⇒ Acute onset
⇒ CXR: bilateral infiltrates
⇒ NON cardiogenic

Question 7

what might the bloods show in ARDs?

Answer 7

FBC, U&E, ESR/CRP, amylase, clotting, ABG, blood culture, sputum culture

Question 8

what does the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measure?

Answer 8

PCWP is an indirect measure of the left atrial pressure

Question 9

what will the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure show?

Answer 9

<19mmHg

which shows lack of heart failure