ARDS Flashcards
What is ARDS?
The most severe form of acute lung injury characterized by acute pulmonary infiltrates, abnormal respiratory system compliance, and moderate to severe hypoxemia.
What does the Oxygenation Index (OI) measure?
OI = (FIO2 × mean airway pressure × 100)/PaO2
What is the Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) to FiO2 ratio also known as?
P/F ratio
What is the incidence of ARDS?
3-12.8/100,000 per year
What percentage of PICU admissions does ARDS account for annually?
2%-10%
What is the male to female ratio in ARDS cases?
1:1
What are the lung injury mechanisms associated with Conventional Mechanical Ventilation?
- Barotrauma
- Volutrauma
- Atelectrauma
- Biotrauma
- Toxicity from high levels of oxygen
What tidal volume is recommended for lung protective ventilation in ARDS?
3–6 mL/kg for patients with poor compliance and 5–8 mL/kg for those with better compliance.
What are acceptable SaO2 values in ARDS management?
SaO2 >90% (PaO2 60–80 mm Hg) using the lowest oxygen concentration.
What is the maximum pressure recommended for Noninvasive Ventilation?
<20 cm H2O
What are the indications for High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation?
Achieves effective gas exchange while avoiding high peak airway pressures.
What is the recommendation regarding corticosteroids in the treatment of PARDS?
Not recommended as routine therapy.
What is the effect of prone positioning in PARDS management?
Produces a rapid and sustained improvement in arterial oxygenation in 90% of children.
What is the recommendation for use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in PARDS?
Not recommended for routine use; may be considered in severe cases.
What does Extracorporeal Life Support involve?
Extracorporeal circulation of blood through a membrane oxygenator.
What is the mortality rate for ARDS in recent studies?
Overall mortality rate is 27-45%.
What is the primary characteristic of ARDS?
A diffuse and progressive inflammatory lung disease.
What is the Berlin definition in relation to ARDS?
A diagnostic criteria based on clinical criteria with minor changes for children.
What is the goal of mechanical ventilation in ARDS?
To reduce the work of breathing until resolution of the disease.
What is the recommendation for sedation in ARDS patients?
Should receive minimal yet effective targeted sedation.
Fill in the blank: The male to female ratio in ARDS cases is ______.
1:1
True or False: High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation is characterized by high peak airway pressures.
False
What is the recommendation regarding the use of neuromuscular blocking agents?
Should be considered if sedation alone is inadequate.
What is the significance of the P/F ratio in ARDS?
It is used to assess the severity of hypoxemia.
