ARDS

Question 1

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) results from a failure of _________ and/or ________ or both, which occurs when the exchange of ____and ____ between the_____________, ________ and the _______, is ________

Answer 1

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) results from a failure of oxygenation and/or ventilation or both, which occurs when the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere, alveoli, and the blood, is inadequate.

Question 2

Respiratory failure is a disease. ( T or F)

Answer 2

F! It is not.

Its a symptom of underlying pathology affecting lung function.

Question 3

The major threat of ARF is …

Answer 3

the inability of the lungs to meet the O2 demands of the tissues.

Question 4

Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

Answer 4

Defined as a PaO2 less than or equal to 60 mm Hg with normal or slightly suboptimal PaCO2 levels.

Question 5

Causes of Hypoxemic

Answer 5

pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary emboli, heart failure, and shock.

Question 6

Four main physiologic mechanisms may cause hypoxemia and hypoxemic respiratory failure:

Answer 6

V/Q mismatch, shunt, diffusion impairment, and alveolar hypoventilation.

Question 7

Hypercapnia respiratory failure

Answer 7

The lungs are often normal, and the main problem is ventilatory failure (insufficient CO2 removal).

Question 8

Signs of Hypercapnia

Answer 8

PaCO2 greater than 50 mm Hg, which may or may not be accompanied by hypoxemia and/or acidemia (arterial pH less than 7.35).

Question 9

Disorders that compromise CO2 removal:

Answer 9

include drug overdoses, central nervous system (CNS) depressants, neuromuscular diseases, acute asthma, exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and spinal cord injury.

Question 10

Cyanosis is a reliable indicator of hypoxemia and the severity of ARF. ( T or F)

Answer 10

Cyanosis is an unreliable indicator of hypoxemia and the severity of ARF.