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VASCULAR LAB > ARDMS Cerebrovascular > Flashcards

ARDMS Cerebrovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the aortic arch originate?

A

The base of the left ventricle

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2
Q

Where does the innominate originate?

A

In the superior mediastinum (right side aortic arch)

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3
Q

Where does the left subclavian terminate?

A

The thoracic outlet

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4
Q

What are aortic arch variants?

A

Common origin innominate/LCCA, left vertebral off aorta, common origin both CCA’s

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5
Q

Where does the CCA bi-furcate into the ICA/ECA?

A

The superior aspect of the thyroid cartilage (C-4 level)

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6
Q

Where do the four to sixth cervical transverse processes of the RCCA lie?

A

Posteriorly

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7
Q

What does the carotid bifurcation contain?

A

Many receptor endings of the glossopharyngeal nerve which responds to blood pressure changes controlling intracranial pressure

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8
Q

How does the ICA lie in relation to the ECA?

A

Posterior and lateral

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9
Q

What does the ICA supply blood to?

A

Anterior portion of brain / eyes with branches to the forehead and nose

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10
Q

What are the four segments of the ICA?

A

Cervical, Petrous, Cavernous, and Cerebral

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11
Q

Which extra-cranial portion enters the skull at the carotid canal and has no major branches?

A

Cervical segment

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12
Q

Which segment ascends in the carotid canal curving to enter the cranial cavity and has no major branches?

A

Petrous segment

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13
Q

Which segment contains the “S” shaped carotid siphon?

A

Cavernous segment

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14
Q

What are the branches of the cavernous segment?

A

Cavernous, Meningeal, and Hypophyseal arteries

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15
Q

What is another name for the cerebral segment?

A

Supraclinioid

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16
Q

Which segment is the distal portion of the ICA?

A

Cerebral (supraclinoid)

17
Q

What are the branches of the cerebral segment?

A

Ophthalmic, Middle Cerebral, Anterior Choroids, Anterior Cerebral, and Posterior Communicating Arteries

18
Q

Does the ICA typically have extra-cranial branches?

A

No

19
Q

What is the first branch of the ICA?

A

Ophthalmic Artery at the level of the carotid siphon

20
Q

Where does the OA enter the orbit?

A

Optic foramen

21
Q

What are the terminal branches of the OA?

A

Frontal, Nasal, and Supraorbital Arteries

22
Q

What condition does the OA system provide?

A

Peri-orbital circulation (collateral circulation via anastomosis with ECA branches)

23
Q

Where does the ICA terminate?

A

The Circle of Willis (into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries)

24
Q

What does the ECA supply blood to?

A

Face, scalp and neck

25
Q

What are the eight branches of the ECA?

A

Superior Thyroid, Ascending Pharyngeal, Lingual, Occipital, Facial, Posterior Auricle, Maxillary and Superficial Temporal Arteries

26
Q

Which ECA branches are most vital to collateral circulation?

A

Those that communicate with the OA or vertebral artery

27
Q

Where does the vertebral artery arise?

A

Upper and back portion of the proximal subclavian

28
Q

Where does the vertebral artery enter the skull?

A

Foramen magnum

29
Q

What are the vertebral arteries relation to the subclavian artery?

A

They are the first and largest branch

30
Q

What does the vertebral artery supply blood to?

A

Posterior portion of brain

31
Q

What is unique about the anatomy of the vertebral arteries?

A

Asymmetrical in size, left is usually larger than the right

32
Q

Which four segments does the vertebral artery divide into?

A

Pre-vertebral, Cervical, Horizontal (Atlantic), and Intracranial segments

33
Q

Where does the pre-vertebral artery enter?

A

Transverse foramen of C6

34
Q

Where does the cervical segment span?

A

C6 through transverse foramen of C6

35
Q

What does the cervical segment give rise to?

A

Multiple small branches which may anastomose ECA branches for collaterals (vertebral/carotid occlusion)

36
Q

Where does the horizontal segment course?

A

Posteriorly within the vertebral sulcus, ascends anteromedially through the dura mater and loops between atlas/axis prior to entering skull

37
Q

Where does the intracranial segment course?

A

From the dura mater through the foramen magnum and joins with the contralateral vertebral artery forming the basilar artery

38
Q

What does the intracranial segment give rise to?

A

Multiple branches that supply the inferior surface of the cerebellum

39
Q

What is another term for the vertebral and basilar arteries?

A

Vertebrobasilar circulation

VASCULAR LAB (2 decks)

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