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SLP641:Articulation and Phonology Disorders > Arctic&Phono Midterm > Flashcards

Arctic&Phono Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is a CONSONANT

A

A speech sound with significant constriction of the vocal tract in the oral cavity

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2
Q

What is a VOWEL

A

a speech sound without significant constriction in the oral and pharyngeal cavities

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3
Q

What is CO-ARTICULATION?

A

-articulators that are continually moving into position for another segment over a stretch of speech
(how all sounds flow/ spontaneous speech/ our focus as clinicians)
-language sample is needed to get co-articulation

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4
Q

What is ASSIMILATION?

A
  • adaptive speech change where one speech sound becomes similar/ identical to a neighboring sound
    ex: “watchadoin” for what are you doing?
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5
Q

What are COGNATES?

A

-consonants that differ only by the voicing feature

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6
Q

What are the speech sound disorders?

A
  • articulation
  • phonology
  • motor speech/ apraxia
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7
Q

What is the definition of SSD according to ASHA?

A 
an umbrella term referring to the difficulty in 
-perception, 
-motor, 
-production, 
-phonological representation 
of speech sounds and speech segments.
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7
Q

What causes SSD?

A

FUNCTIONAL: no known cause
-Articulation and Phonology

ORGANIC: Motor, Structural, Sensory/Perceptual
(neurological issues; actual cause)
-apraxia, cleft palate, hearing loss

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8
Q

ARTICULATION

Cause Factors; Characteristics; Treatment

A

-Cause: unknown, structural, hearing loss

  • Characteristics:
  • higher intelligibility,
  • fewer sound delays,
  • mild impact on speech

-Treatment: Traditional Hierarchy Approach

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9
Q

PHONOLOGY

Cause Factors; Characteristics; Treatment

A

Cause factors: unknown, develop, delays, hearing loss

Characteristics:

  • highly unintelligible,
  • moderate-severe impact on speech

Treatment: Cycles approach

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10
Q

MOTOR/ APRAXIA

Cause Factors; Characteristics; Treatment

A

Cause Factors:

  • unknown
  • neurological
  • Neurodevelopmental

Characteristics:

  • Mild-Severe impact
  • oral-motor placement and sequencing difficulty
  • inconsistent with speech development/ speech production

Treatment:

  • dynamic
  • spontaneous
  • shorter sessions
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11
Q

PHONETICS

A

TRANSCRIPTION

DIACRITICS

PMV: (placement, Manner, Voicing)

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12
Q

What is TRANSCRIPTION? (phonetics)

A
  • How we interpret each sound in a sequence of a combination of sounds or words
  • What are writing in IPA
  • provides SLP with closer analysis of SS and looks at specific of clients speech
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13
Q

What are DIACRITICS? (phonetics)

A
  • a MARK that is made either ABOVE, BELOW, or BETWEEN letters that indicates a particular pronounciation of a sound.
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14
Q

What is PMV (phonetics)

A

PLACEMENT: where the sound is happening
-ex: what two articulators?

VOICING: Vibration of the vocal folds
ex: turned OFF or ON
Can be a phonological pattern- devoicing

MANNER: How it’s made in the mouth

ex: airflow
- is there obstruction of airflow?

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15
Q

what is OBSTRUENT sounds?

A
  • cognates

- start w/ voiceless sounds first

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16
Q

What is FRONTING?

A

taking back sound and replacing w/ front sound; spontaneity

circumferences apraxia

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17
Q

What is AFFRICATIVE?

A

a little bit of restriction of airflow

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18
Q

what is FRICATIVE?

A

LOTS of airflow / continuous flow

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19
Q

What is a SONORANT?

A

Minimal air issues/ not really disruption of airflow

20
Q

What is a GLIDE?

A

semi vowel at end of word

21
Q

Vowel VS Dipthong

A

Vowels: 1 sound
Dipthong: 2 sounds (ex: ai, or)

22
Q

What are the type of transcriptions?

A

Broad and Narrow: provides clinicians with further records, details, and characteristics of sounds.
-Further, distinguish and describe transcription with
–>brackets [ ]
–> slashes //
–> diacritic markers +
to describe how a sound is pronounced

23
Q

consonant, vowels and syllables

A

CV – moo –> spontaneous; good place to start
VC – up , on ,off,
CVC – hat, mop, get
VCV – oma
CVCV (Re-duplicated syllables) mama, dadda, pappa,
CV1CV2 (duplicated C/unduplicated V) mommy, daddy
C1V1C2V2 (Unduplicated, Simple, Bi-syllabic) - happy, tummy,
CVCVCV - (Simple polysyllabic) - banana, tomato

24
Q

What are ARTICULATORS?

A

parts of the mouth and face responsible for speech production (lips, tongue, teeth, jaw)

25
Q

What is SOFT PALATE?

A

fleshy, flexible part toward the back of the roof of the mouth

26
Q

what is hard palate?

A

the bony front of the palate

27
Q

what is DIADOCHOKINETIC RATE?

A

a measurement of how quickly an individual can accurately produce a series of rapid, alternating sounds
(formula)

28
Q

What is STIMUBILITY?

A

a child’s ability to accurately imitate a misarticulated sound when the clinician provides a model

29
Q

What is PROSODY?

A

refers to:

  • intonation
  • stress patters
  • loudness variations
  • pausing
  • rhytm
30
Q

what is INTELLIIGIBILITY?

A

how clearly a person speaks and is understood by others

31
Q

What do SPEECH ASSESSMENTS consist of?

A
  1. REFERRAL –> parent, teacher, MD
  2. HISTORY & INTAKE –> medical, developmental
  3. ASSESSMENT PLAN & TOOLS –> articulation, phonology
  4. ASSESSMENT –> formal & informal
  5. REPORT –> scores, goals, recommendations
  6. IEP/IFSP –> meeting
  7. TREATMENT PLAN –> frequency , duration
32
Q

What is involved in SPEECH SAMPLING?

A
  1. Speech Sample & Record
  2. Transcribe
  3. IPA & Diacritics
  4. CV Word Shapes
  5. Identify Speech Clarity
  6. Compare to Same-Aged Peers
33
Q

What are assessment tools used for assessing articulation?

A
  1. Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation 3 (GFTA3)
  2. Structured Photographic Articulation Test (SPAT3)
  3. Marshalla Orał Sensorimotor Test (MOST)
  4. Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis 3 (KPLA3)
34
Q

What are SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS?

A

The way in which a professional provide provides therapeutic intervention
ex:group, individual, consultation, pullout, push-in, community based, home, telepractice

35
Q

what is FREQUENCY OF TX?

A

the number of sessions prescribed each week or month (2x, 4x)

36
Q

what is the DURATION OF TX?

A

the length of session prescribed each week or month

ex: 120min/mo, 60min/week

37
Q

What is GENERALIZATION & CARRYOVER?

A

a client’s ability to take an individual speech skill learned in the therapy room and to apply it broadly to all speaking situations

38
Q

what are PROGRESS REPORTS?

A

a report required by insurance or program (regional center) typically completed every 6 months

39
Q

what are the ELEMENTS OF REPORT WRITING?

A

Evaluations & Progress Reports include:

  1. Biographical data
  2. Background information
  3. Evaluation/ assessment behavior
  4. Assessment methods (tests, consultation, lang sample)
  5. Assessment Results and Interpretation
  6. Summary and Recommendations
  7. Goals & objectives
  8. Signatures
40
Q

what consists of a THERAPY SESSION PLAN?

A
  • Lesson Plan (plan for the entire session)
  • Session Goals (target goals per report)
  • Session Materials (toys, games, tx items)
  • Wrap-up: (probing, consultation, hw)
41
Q

What are MINIMAL PAIRS?

A
  • a set of words that differ in only one phoneme value among their sound constituents
    ex: book vs hook
42
Q

what are PREVOCALIC CONSONANTS?

A

Consonants that occur before a vowel

ex: ma , pa

43
Q

what are POST VOCALIC CONSONANTS?

A

Consonants that occur AFTER a vowel

44
Q

what are INTERVOCALIC CONSONANTS?

A

Consonants that occur BETWEEN two vowels

45
Q

what are PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES?

A

-Patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify speech as they are learning to talk
-These sounds are innate and universal therefore all children are born with the capacity to use the same system of processes
ex:
Cluster Reduction: pot for spot
Velar Fronting: /t/ for /k/
Final Consonant Deletion:
ca for cat

46
Q

What is CHILDHOOD APRAXIA OF SPEECH?

A
  • 1 OF 3 speech sound disorders
  • the best way to approach CAS is to use a combined approach
    ex: clinical observation, parent/caregiver interview, checklists and formal evaluation
47
Q

What is GROPING?

A

Struggling to find where the mouth goes to produce a sound

48
Q

What is ORAL MOTOR?

A

having to do with movements and placements of the oral structures such as the tongue, lips, palate and teeth (with no speech)

SLP641:Articulation and Phonology Disorders (1 decks)

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