Arctic&Phono Midterm Flashcards
What is a CONSONANT
A speech sound with significant constriction of the vocal tract in the oral cavity
What is a VOWEL
a speech sound without significant constriction in the oral and pharyngeal cavities
What is CO-ARTICULATION?
-articulators that are continually moving into position for another segment over a stretch of speech
(how all sounds flow/ spontaneous speech/ our focus as clinicians)
-language sample is needed to get co-articulation
What is ASSIMILATION?
- adaptive speech change where one speech sound becomes similar/ identical to a neighboring sound
ex: “watchadoin” for what are you doing?
What are COGNATES?
-consonants that differ only by the voicing feature
What are the speech sound disorders?
- articulation
- phonology
- motor speech/ apraxia
What is the definition of SSD according to ASHA?
an umbrella term referring to the difficulty in -perception, -motor, -production, -phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments.
What causes SSD?
FUNCTIONAL: no known cause
-Articulation and Phonology
ORGANIC: Motor, Structural, Sensory/Perceptual
(neurological issues; actual cause)
-apraxia, cleft palate, hearing loss
ARTICULATION
Cause Factors; Characteristics; Treatment
-Cause: unknown, structural, hearing loss
- Characteristics:
- higher intelligibility,
- fewer sound delays,
- mild impact on speech
-Treatment: Traditional Hierarchy Approach
PHONOLOGY
Cause Factors; Characteristics; Treatment
Cause factors: unknown, develop, delays, hearing loss
Characteristics:
- highly unintelligible,
- moderate-severe impact on speech
Treatment: Cycles approach
MOTOR/ APRAXIA
Cause Factors; Characteristics; Treatment
Cause Factors:
- unknown
- neurological
- Neurodevelopmental
Characteristics:
- Mild-Severe impact
- oral-motor placement and sequencing difficulty
- inconsistent with speech development/ speech production
Treatment:
- dynamic
- spontaneous
- shorter sessions
PHONETICS
TRANSCRIPTION
DIACRITICS
PMV: (placement, Manner, Voicing)
What is TRANSCRIPTION? (phonetics)
- How we interpret each sound in a sequence of a combination of sounds or words
- What are writing in IPA
- provides SLP with closer analysis of SS and looks at specific of clients speech
What are DIACRITICS? (phonetics)
- a MARK that is made either ABOVE, BELOW, or BETWEEN letters that indicates a particular pronounciation of a sound.
What is PMV (phonetics)
PLACEMENT: where the sound is happening
-ex: what two articulators?
VOICING: Vibration of the vocal folds
ex: turned OFF or ON
Can be a phonological pattern- devoicing
MANNER: How it’s made in the mouth
ex: airflow
- is there obstruction of airflow?
what is OBSTRUENT sounds?
- cognates
- start w/ voiceless sounds first
What is FRONTING?
taking back sound and replacing w/ front sound; spontaneity
circumferences apraxia
What is AFFRICATIVE?
a little bit of restriction of airflow
what is FRICATIVE?
LOTS of airflow / continuous flow
What is a SONORANT?
Minimal air issues/ not really disruption of airflow
What is a GLIDE?
semi vowel at end of word
Vowel VS Dipthong
Vowels: 1 sound
Dipthong: 2 sounds (ex: ai, or)
What are the type of transcriptions?
Broad and Narrow: provides clinicians with further records, details, and characteristics of sounds.
-Further, distinguish and describe transcription with
–>brackets [ ]
–> slashes //
–> diacritic markers +
to describe how a sound is pronounced
consonant, vowels and syllables
CV – moo –> spontaneous; good place to start
VC – up , on ,off,
CVC – hat, mop, get
VCV – oma
CVCV (Re-duplicated syllables) mama, dadda, pappa,
CV1CV2 (duplicated C/unduplicated V) mommy, daddy
C1V1C2V2 (Unduplicated, Simple, Bi-syllabic) - happy, tummy,
CVCVCV - (Simple polysyllabic) - banana, tomato
What are ARTICULATORS?
parts of the mouth and face responsible for speech production (lips, tongue, teeth, jaw)
What is SOFT PALATE?
fleshy, flexible part toward the back of the roof of the mouth
what is hard palate?
the bony front of the palate
what is DIADOCHOKINETIC RATE?
a measurement of how quickly an individual can accurately produce a series of rapid, alternating sounds
(formula)
What is STIMUBILITY?
a child’s ability to accurately imitate a misarticulated sound when the clinician provides a model
What is PROSODY?
refers to:
- intonation
- stress patters
- loudness variations
- pausing
- rhytm
what is INTELLIIGIBILITY?
how clearly a person speaks and is understood by others
What do SPEECH ASSESSMENTS consist of?
- REFERRAL –> parent, teacher, MD
- HISTORY & INTAKE –> medical, developmental
- ASSESSMENT PLAN & TOOLS –> articulation, phonology
- ASSESSMENT –> formal & informal
- REPORT –> scores, goals, recommendations
- IEP/IFSP –> meeting
- TREATMENT PLAN –> frequency , duration
What is involved in SPEECH SAMPLING?
- Speech Sample & Record
- Transcribe
- IPA & Diacritics
- CV Word Shapes
- Identify Speech Clarity
- Compare to Same-Aged Peers
What are assessment tools used for assessing articulation?
- Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation 3 (GFTA3)
- Structured Photographic Articulation Test (SPAT3)
- Marshalla Orał Sensorimotor Test (MOST)
- Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis 3 (KPLA3)
What are SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS?
The way in which a professional provide provides therapeutic intervention
ex:group, individual, consultation, pullout, push-in, community based, home, telepractice
what is FREQUENCY OF TX?
the number of sessions prescribed each week or month (2x, 4x)
what is the DURATION OF TX?
the length of session prescribed each week or month
ex: 120min/mo, 60min/week
What is GENERALIZATION & CARRYOVER?
a client’s ability to take an individual speech skill learned in the therapy room and to apply it broadly to all speaking situations
what are PROGRESS REPORTS?
a report required by insurance or program (regional center) typically completed every 6 months
what are the ELEMENTS OF REPORT WRITING?
Evaluations & Progress Reports include:
- Biographical data
- Background information
- Evaluation/ assessment behavior
- Assessment methods (tests, consultation, lang sample)
- Assessment Results and Interpretation
- Summary and Recommendations
- Goals & objectives
- Signatures
what consists of a THERAPY SESSION PLAN?
- Lesson Plan (plan for the entire session)
- Session Goals (target goals per report)
- Session Materials (toys, games, tx items)
- Wrap-up: (probing, consultation, hw)
What are MINIMAL PAIRS?
- a set of words that differ in only one phoneme value among their sound constituents
ex: book vs hook
what are PREVOCALIC CONSONANTS?
Consonants that occur before a vowel
ex: ma , pa
what are POST VOCALIC CONSONANTS?
Consonants that occur AFTER a vowel
what are INTERVOCALIC CONSONANTS?
Consonants that occur BETWEEN two vowels
what are PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES?
-Patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify speech as they are learning to talk
-These sounds are innate and universal therefore all children are born with the capacity to use the same system of processes
ex:
Cluster Reduction: pot for spot
Velar Fronting: /t/ for /k/
Final Consonant Deletion:
ca for cat
What is CHILDHOOD APRAXIA OF SPEECH?
- 1 OF 3 speech sound disorders
- the best way to approach CAS is to use a combined approach
ex: clinical observation, parent/caregiver interview, checklists and formal evaluation
What is GROPING?
Struggling to find where the mouth goes to produce a sound
What is ORAL MOTOR?
having to do with movements and placements of the oral structures such as the tongue, lips, palate and teeth (with no speech)
