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SAA-CO2 - AWS Associate Architect > Architecture Fundamentals > Flashcards

Architecture Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

LAMP means…

A

Linux
Apache
Mysql
PHP

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2
Q

MEAN means…

A

Mongo database
ExpressJs
AngularJs
NodeJs

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3
Q

Serverless, in AWS context means…

A

Using API gateway and Lambda to replace logic tiers.

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4
Q

LAMP and MEAN are logic tiers. True or false?

A

True.

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5
Q

Explain Microservices

A

Microservices mean each part of an application is decoupled and independently deployed.

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6
Q

The three tiers that typically make up the multi tier architecture are…

A

Presentation Tier
Logic Tier
Data Tier

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7
Q

Each AZ is its own distinct data center. True or false?

A

True.

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8
Q

What’s a monolithic application?

A

The opposite of a decoupled application

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9
Q

Define decoupled architecture

A

Layered and independent.

All components are independent of each other.

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10
Q

Define event driven architecture

A

Architecture driven by events inside the application

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11
Q

Event driven architecture. Explain the producer.

A

The element that triggers an even, and pushes it to a router.

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12
Q

Event driven architecture. Explain The Router

A

Takes required action as a result of an event.

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13
Q

Event driven architecture. Explain the consumer

A

Processes items on the queue.

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14
Q

Explain none relational databases.

A

Databases without a table schemer, that support none structured data.

Simpler than a relational database.

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15
Q

Why might you take manual backups of a database?

A

To protect against data corruption
Long term regulatory compliance
Testing

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16
Q

What does HA mean?

A

High Availabilty

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17
Q

What does SAML mean?

A

Security assertion markup language

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18
Q

What are IAM roles?

A

They allow users and other AWS services to temporarily have permission to access other resources.

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19
Q

What are the four types of IAM roles?

A

AWS Service Role
AWS Service Linked Role
Role for cross account access
Role for identity provider access

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20
Q

AWS IAM has service roles can have their permissions modified?

A

True

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21
Q

AWS IAM service linked role. Can have it’s permissions modified?

A

False

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22
Q

IAM role for cross account access. Explain trusting account and trusted account.

A

The trusting account contains the resources, which users in the trusted account want to access.

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23
Q

For the IAM role type “rules for identity provider access” there are three types available. What are they?

A

Grant access for web identify providers
Grant single sign on to SAML providers
Grant API access to SAML providers

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24
Q

ARN means…

A

Amazon Resource Name

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25
Q

API means.

A

Application Programming Interface.

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26
Q

Cipher Text is

A

Encrypted strings

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27
Q

SSE means

A

Server side encryption

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28
Q

UTC means

A

Universal Time Co-Ordinated

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29
Q

What is envelope encryption?

A

The process of having one key encrypt another.

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30
Q

What key type, uses a private and a public key?

A

Assymetric

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31
Q

What is block storage?

A

Data is stored in chunks known as blocks. And blocks are stored on a volume.

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32
Q

Is block storage low or Hugh latency?

A

Low

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33
Q

What is file storage?

A

Data is stored as separate files with a series of directories in a file system.

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34
Q

Utility based metering is

A

The concept that you pay for the cloud resources you use, and not resource ownership.

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35
Q

High powered gaming would require what kind of servers?

A

Ones with high GPu

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36
Q

What does HDD mean?

A

Hard disk drive

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37
Q

In terms of speed. The lower the latency the ….. it is.

A

Faster

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38
Q

In terms of speed. The higher the latency the ….. it is.

A

Slower

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39
Q

Block stores, allow you to access single bytes in a file?

A

True

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40
Q

In decouple architecture. If you need a response from a service you should use a …. if you don’t. You should use a ….

A

Load balancer

Queue

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41
Q

Define Fault Tolerance

A

Fault tolerant means your environment will operate correctly during a fault. The end user remains in effected.

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42
Q

In a HA setup. Might a user be effected by an outage?

A

Yes.

If the user is not to be effected by an outage. You need a fault tolerant setup.

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43
Q

HA vs Fault Tolerant

A

In high availability a user may be effected by an outage. In fault tolerance, they will not.

44
Q

Expect everything to fail and design accordingly. Is this an important principle?

A

Yes

45
Q

If you need HA. Is a single AZ solution ever appropriate?

A

No

46
Q

If you need HA. Are self managed services the best option, or AWS fully managed services?

A

AWS fully managed.

47
Q

Define multi tier architecture?

A

Architecture that is made up of separate, isolated tiers.

48
Q

What does blast radius mean?

A

The reach of faulty config failure / software failure / hack

49
Q

Define Random Access

A

The process of transferring information to or from memory in which every memory location can be accessed directly rather than being accessed in a fixed sequence.

50
Q

Define Sequential Access

A

Where data must be read in the order it is stored

51
Q

Random access is sometimes known as

A

Direct access

52
Q

Are traditional HDDs random or sequential access?

A

Sequential

53
Q

Are SSDs random or sequential access

A

Random

54
Q

Scaling up and down. Refers to …… scaling.

A

Vertical

55
Q

Scaling in and out refers to …… scaling

A

Horizontal

56
Q

Define operational excellence

A

The ability to run and monitor systems and deliver business value, and continually improve supporting process and procedure.

57
Q

The three core principles of operational excellence

A

Prepare
Operate
Evolve

58
Q

Any unused resource is a waste of money. True or false.

A

True

59
Q

What is an analytical function in regards to SQL

A

An analytical function computes values over a group of rows and returns a single result for each row.

60
Q

Active-active and active-passive are two types of…

A

High availability clustering configurations.

61
Q

Explain Active Active HA clustering

A

You have two identical servers running and traffic is split between them by a load balancer.

62
Q

Explain active passive HA clustering.

A

You have an active server, and a passive server behind the load balancer.

The passive one must be made active in the event of an issue.

63
Q

When might you be eligible for a SLA service credit from AWS?

A

When availability is less then 99.95% in a region you use, during a billing period.

64
Q

You want to save money on your development and test environments. Name one easy way to do this.

A

Switch them off when you are not using them.

65
Q

When is it worth considering over provisioning your resources a little?

A

When the time to adjust the resources is greater than the saving of running the resources slightly over.

66
Q

What is right sizing?

A

Using the lowest cost resource that still meets the technical requirement.

67
Q

The key services that support the “right sizing” concept in AWS are

A

Cloudwatch

Cloudwatch Logs

68
Q

What is data sovereignty?

A

The idea that data is subject to laws and governance or the country from which is is collected / resides.

69
Q

Pricing in different AWS regions can vary. Because…

A

Each region operates within local market conditions.

70
Q

True or false. The exact same infrastructure in one region, can be cheaper than the duplicate setup in another region?

A

True

71
Q

You need to workout if there are cost savings in moving your architecture to another region. What service can help with his?

A

AWS simple monthly calculator

72
Q

Explain a “buffer” approach to supply and demand of computer power.

A

You use a queue to accept units of work from a producer. You then process the units of work when you have capacity.

73
Q

You need to decouple the throughput rate of your producers, from that of the consumers. Try a … based approach.

A

Buffer

74
Q

Define idempotence.

A

An application logic pattern that allows for items in a queue to be processed multiple times. But if they have been processed more than once, that there is no effect on downstream resources.

75
Q

You want a technical account manager from AWS to help you optimise your account. What kind of support plan do you need?

A

Enterprise.

76
Q

As AWS releases need services and features. It is best practise to review existing architectural decisions to ensure you are cost effective. This is know as staying …..

A

Evergreen

77
Q

It is best practise to reduce or eliminate reliance on long term credentials. True or false?

A

True

78
Q

Describe the “defence in depth” approach

A

A strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.

79
Q

Do AWS consider password rotation and password policies best practise?

A

Yes

80
Q

Describe the principle of least privledge

A

It ensure authenticated users are only permitted to perform the most minimal set of functions nesscary to fulfill a specific task. While balancing usability and efficiency.

81
Q

Can you PEN test all AWS services without permission?

A

No. You can pen test some services without permission.

82
Q

The five pillars of the well architecture framework are…

A 
Operational Excellence
Security
Reliability
Performance Efficiency
Cost optimisation
83
Q

What does FPGA stand for?

A

Field Programmable Gayeway Arrays

84
Q

When would you use an FPGA?

A

For your most demanding workloads

85
Q

Are burstable instances intended for workfloads that regularly use full CPU capacity?

A

No.

86
Q

….. abstract the execution environment from the code you to to execute.

A

Functions

87
Q

From a latency perspective. If your data is only accessed by one instance. Then you should consider using …..

A

Block storage

88
Q

From a throughput perspective. What storage service supports highly parallelised loads?

A

EFS

89
Q

As a rule of thumb. Use what type of storage for throughput intensive workloads.

A

HDD

90
Q

As a rule of thumb. Use what kind of storage for boot volumes, databases and transactional workloads.

A

SSD

91
Q

What does MPP mean?

A

Massively Parallel Processing

92
Q

What is Snowflake?

A

Data warehousing.

It can be ran on AWS. But is not a managed service.

93
Q

Use …. when you need SQL operations that will scale

A

Redshift

94
Q

For data heavy applications. The major bottle neck in latency is then …. is transferred to computing applications.

A

Data.

95
Q

It is best practise to execute application code as close to the …. as possible.

A

Data.

96
Q

Define infrastructure as code?

A

Using services like Route 53 that allow you to document your infrastructure as code. And bring it under version control.

97
Q

Define benchmarking

A

Using synthetic tests to provide you with data on how components perform.

98
Q

Define load testing.

A

Using your actual workload so you can see how your whole solution performs in a prod environment.

99
Q

Monitoring solutions generally fall into two categories. They are.

A

Active monitoring

Passive monitoring.

100
Q

Define active monitoring

A

Simulating user activity in scripted user journeys across critical paths in your product.

101
Q

Define passive monitoring.

A

Collecting performance data from the web browser.

102
Q

Monitoring in AWS consists of five distinct phases. They are…

A 
Generation
Aggregation 
Real time processing
Storage
Analytics
103
Q

The base 10.x.x.x address space means you have how many IP addresses?

A

16,000+

104
Q

TTR means.

A

Time to recovery

105
Q

What does ROC mean

A

Recovery Oriented Computing

SAA-CO2 - AWS Associate Architect (47 decks)

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