Architecture / Design

Question 1

Agile development

Answer 1

A software development methodology with a focus on flexible requirements, close client / end user collaboration, rapid development cycles, early and frequent delivery, etc

Question 2

Behavioral design patterns

Answer 2

Design patterns that define how objects communicate with / affect each other

Question 3

Client side rendering (CSR)

Answer 3

Rendering content in the browser with Javascript

Question 4

Composition

Answer 4

Designing a class by composing individual methods / properties for a particular use case

Question 5

Creational design patterns

Answer 5

Design patterns for creating objects

Question 6

Encapsulation

Answer 6

Bundling data and the methods that operate on them into objects, and hiding everything but the necessary public methods

Question 7

Event-driven

Answer 7

The extent to which an application is designed to respond to actions generated by the user / system

Question 8

Factory

Answer 8

A creational design pattern by which new objects are created without needing to specify a class; any function that returns an object without the ‘new’ keyword

Question 9

Hydration

Answer 9

The process of adding state / interactivity to static HTML after initial page load

Question 10

Inheritance

Answer 10

Designing a class by inheriting and extending the behavior of a parent class

Question 11

Lazy loading

Answer 11

Delaying the loading of assets until they are needed by the user

Question 12

Object-oriented programming

Answer 12

A programming paradigm in which programs are organized into classes of objects, their properties and methods, and their communication with each other; stateful and flexible but less manageable

Question 13

Functional programming

Answer 13

A programming paradigm in which programs are organized into a series of pure functions; stateless but more manageable

Question 14

Polymorphism

Answer 14

The ability of a single interface to behave differently depending on the implementation

Question 15

Pre-loading

Answer 15

Prioritizing the loading of assets that the browser would otherwise discover later

Question 16

Programming paradigm

Answer 16

A framework for organizing and implementing a program based on the features of the language

Question 17

Progressive enhancement

Answer 17

Providing a baseline UX to as many browsers / devices as possible while delivering a better UX to more advanced browsers / devices

Question 18

Progressive web application (PWA)

Answer 18

A web app that functions and feels like a native app; uses service workers and manifests for offline functionality; installable; progressive enhancement

Question 19

Server side rendering (SSR)

Answer 19

Rendering content on the server upon request and then delivering it

Question 20

Single page application (SPA)

Answer 20

A web app that’s served all at once on initial page load, and updated via Javascript / AJAX rather than fetching new pages from the server

Question 21

Design pattern

Answer 21

A generalized, reusable solution to a common problem in a given context

Question 22

Software requirement specification

Answer 22

A rigorous description of a software system’s requirements prior to architecture

Question 23

Structural design patterns

Answer 23

Design patterns for composing more complex objects out of existing ones

Question 24

Static site generation (SSG)

Answer 24

The pre-building of a web app into static assets that can be served immediately

Question 25

Version control

Answer 25

The practice of tracking and managing changes to a code base

Question 26

Waterfall development

Answer 26

A software development methodology that follows a rigid sequence of steps:

1. Requirements
2. Design
3. Develop
4. Test
5. Maintain

Question 27

Declarative programming

Answer 27

A programming paradigm in which you describe what a program should do without caring about the implementation details

Question 28

Imperative programming

Answer 28

A programming paradigm in which you describe specifically how a program should work (implementation details)

Question 29

Code splitting

Answer 29

Splitting code into various bundles to facilitate lazy loading

Question 30

Dynamic language

Answer 30

A programming language that, among other things, performs type checking at run time rather than compile time; less strict but less performant

Question 31

Static language

Answer 31

A programming language that, among other things, performs type checking at compile time rather than run time; stricter but more performant