Architectural Styles

Question 1

• Multi-level with a low-pitched roof
• Deep-set eaves
• Horizontal rectangular or L-shaped orientation
• Asymmetrical
• Double-hung windows, large picture window, sliding glass doors to the patio are typically used
• Attached garage
• Simple, open floor plans with minimal wasted space
• Natural materials including hardwood floors, wood and brick exterior
• Minimal decoration limited to porch roof supports and brackets, shutters

Answer 1

Split Level

Question 2

• Irregular or unusually shaped frame
• An open floor plan
• Oversized windows
• The use of “green” components
• A lack of ornamental details
• Organic design ( Connection of outdoor landscapes to the indoor environment)
• Extensive use of glass and natural lighting

Answer 2

Contemporary

Question 3

• Wide projecting cornices
• 2-3 stories
• Decorated windows, porches and doorways
• Brick and wood clapboard
• Ornamentation was typically wood
• Occasionally the brick homes had elaborate, durable cast iron window and door hoods
• Low pitched roofs with a square cupola on top
• Projecting eaves with large brackets in a variety of shapes and spacing dominated the cornice.

Answer 3

Italinate

Question 4

• Characterized by simplicity and strength
• Semicircular arches and a variety of exterior ornamentation
• Decorative lighting fixtures
• Stylized chimneys
• Brick-patterned and contrasting stone facades
• May have decorative half-timbering
• Has a small round tower topped by a cone-shaped roof
• Other Normandy homes resemble miniature castles with arched doorways

Answer 4

Normandy

Question 5

• Pediment gable
• Symmetrical shape
• Heavy cornice
• Wide plain frieze
• Bold simple moldings
• Entry porch with columns
• Decorative pilasters
• Narrow windows around the front door
• Wide trim at the roofline
• Sidelights and transoms around the front entrance

Answer 5

Greek Revival

Question 6

• Distinctive color schemes and exterior features
• Mansard roofs are sometimes used
• Curves
• Arches
• Decorative brackets and columns
• Unique and large windows
• Elaborate interiors usually paired with matching furniture Carved and painted moldings and plaster wall decorations

Answer 6

Victorian

Question 7

• Lack of decoration
• An emphasis of rectangular forms and horizontal and vertical lines
• Low horizontal massing, flat roofs, horizontal planes, and broad roof overhangs
• Use of modern materials and systems
• Importance on the honesty of materials (Natural Look)
• Open, flowing interior spaces
• Generous use of glass and natural light

Answer 7

Modern

Question 8

• One story
• Can be symmetrical or Asymmetrical
• Horizontal orientation
• Hipped or gabled roof
• Open floor plan
• Minimal ornamentation
• Attached garages
• Design elements such as sliding glass doors, large plate-glass picture windows

Answer 8

Ranch

Question 9

• Symmetrical façade, but may have side porches or sunrooms on either or both sides.
• 1 - 2+ stories
• Medium pitch, side-gable roof.
• Hipped roofs and dormers are occasionally seen.
• Double-hung windows with proportioned shutters
• Bay windows
• Centered doorway accented with columns, pilasters, pediment, and/or maybe hooded to create a covered porch.
• Brick or wood clapboard is the most common siding, but shingle is occasionally seen

Answer 9

Colonial

Question 10

• Distinct geometric shapes
• Strong bright colors and a decorative look
• Linear - sometimes has a hard edge or angular composition - Vertical emphasis (Typical with skyscrapers)
• Decorative but simple
• Streamlined look
• Symmetrical
• Glass, marble, plastic, steel, aluminum and exotic woods are typical in residential examples

Answer 10

Art Deco

Question 11

• Rectangular plan
• One or two stories
• Different roof types:
  
  • Gable roof with the ridgeline parallel to the street that covers a porch extending the full width of the house
  • Hip-roofs with a shallow pitch
• Exposed rafters and brackets
• Brick, wood shingle or clapboard siding
• Thick tapered porch posts
• Casement windows
• Large plate-glass windows

Answer 11

Bungalow

Question 12

• Architecture of the Neolithic period
• Mud, bricks, and stone used
• Simple structures that were normally used as a temporary shelter.

Answer 12

Neolithic

Question 13

• Brick, stone, or stucco siding
• Hipped roof (Steep pitch)
• Flared eaves
• Dormers
• Multi-paned windows
• Massive Chimneys

Some variations of this style home also have:

• Decorative half-timbering
• A round tower at the entryway
• One- to two-and-a-half stories
• Steeply pitched hipped roof
• Tile, slate, or shingle roofing
• Casement windows
• French doors as well as arched doors
• Rectangular chimneys made of stone or brick

Answer 13

French

Question 14

• Symmetrical in window and door placement and in the layout of interior rooms
• In northern states, it was common to use wood with clapboard or shingle
• Occasionally the corners of the building were decorated with wooden or stone quoins
• In the South, Georgian houses were occasionally constructed of stone and stucco but Georgian style usually meant brick
• Brickwork occasionally incorporated a horizontal belt course between the first and second floors
• A hip roof, sometimes with dormers
• Entrances often fitted with pediments

Answer 14

Georgian

Question 15

• Curves and arches
• White (sometimes beige) stucco exterior and walls
• Painted tile
• Terracotta roof tiles
• Tower-like chimneys
• Balconies
• Ornamental ironwork - Wooden doors and gates often feature iron details.
• Courtyards and patios
• Arcades (Series of arches)

Answer 15

Spanish

Question 16

• Simple geometric forms - typically rectilinear
• Asymmetrical
• Reinforced-concrete and steel construction
• Occasionally, cylindrical surfaces
• Plain, smooth wall surfaces, typically of glass, steel, or stucco painted white
• Often, a cantilevered upper floor or balcony
• Open interior spaces
• Repetitive elements
• Flat roof, without a ledge, eaves, or coping, that ends at the plane of the wall
• Large areas of floor-to-ceiling glass or curtain walls of glass
• Metal window frames
• Casement and sliding windows

Answer 16

International

Question 17

• Large front porch or wraparound porch – centered door
• Second-floor dormer windows
• Gable roof that often runs parallel to the main road
• Roof frequently flares out to cover the porch (Important part of the home plan)
• Typically wood, stone, or brick façade.
• Used for residential housing
• Sometimes accompanied by other buildings such as a barn or guest house.
• Large property – country style

Answer 17

Farmhouse

Question 18

• Most elaborate eccentric example of the Victorian style
• Steep roof
• Complicated, asymmetrical shape
• Round or square towers
• Decorative spindles and brackets
• Bay windows
• Rows of painted sash windows
• Stone quoins
• Front-facing gable
• One-story porch that extends across one or two sides of the house
• Wall surfaces textured with decorative shingles, patterned masonry, or half-timbering

Answer 18

Queen Anne

Question 19

• Simple square or rectangular box
• Two or three stories high and two rooms deep
• Some structures have been made larger, modified with projecting wings or attached dependencies
• Exterior decoration generally confined to a porch or entry
• Building materials vary with location
  
  • Northeast was typically clapboard.
  • Southern houses were often brick, as are most of the homes in the urban north, where fireproofing was much desired
• Strong vertical lines

Answer 19

Federal

Question 20

• Paneled door surrounded by pilasters and an entablature
• Small entrance porch with round columns with a simple capital
• Double-hung windows
• Shutters
• Dormers on the front roof slope
• Typically symmetrical, but not always
• Central front door

Answer 20

Cape Cod

Question 21

• Multiple roof architecture
• Multi-geometric shapes
• Typically slope in different directions
• Asymmetrical
• Wood and stone, as well as textured concrete, are used
• Doors recessed and windows are usually small
• Clerestory windows
• This style continues to be common in areas that demand lodge looks and for homes built in mountain resort areas.

Answer 21

Shed

Question 22

• Medium pitched roofs with deep overhangs
• Exposed structural elements in the eaves such as rafters and brackets
• A mixture of materials such as stucco, shingles, and siding
• Asymmetrical window and door compositions
• Horizontal siding, square and shaped shingle siding patterns
• May include unpainted metal roofing and shingled roofs
• Smaller windows on the second story

Answer 22

Garrison

Question 23

• Combination of many styles - The shape of the roof, the design of the windows, and decorative details may be inspired by several different periods and cultures.
• Historic styles imitated using modern materials like vinyl or imitation stone
• Details from several cultures combined
• Brick, stone, vinyl, and composite materials used
• Open interiors
• Two to three stories

Answer 23

Neo-Eclectic

Question 24

• More of a building shape than a building style
• Sloping gable roof
• Formed by a one-story addition across the rear of a 1-1/2 or2-story building
• Prominent center chimney or a pair of end chimneys
• Simple and functional materials inside and out
• A center entrance with a transom above
• Double-hung windows

Answer 24

Saltbox

Question 25

• One-and-one-half to two stories
• Asymmetrical plan
• Sometimes cross-gabled medium to steeply pitched roof
• Half-timbering
• Arrangements of tall, narrow windows in bands; small window panes either double-hung or casement
• Over scaled chimneys with decorative brickwork and chimney pots
• Cozy irregularly-shaped rooms
• It was typical for a Tudor to have a thatched or stone tiled roof.

Answer 25

Tudor

Question 26

• Gambrel roof (both side-and front-facing variations)
• Typically two-story
• Typically asymmetrical
• Prominent front porch – classically detailed w/ plain balustrades
• Double-hung windows
• Lunette windows in the upper gable
• Large single-pane windows with a fixed transom on the first story
• Typically has a common color scheme of dark blue, light blue, white, gray and occasionally brown.

Answer 26

Dutch

Question 27

• Long sequence of columns - numbering typically 4 to 6
• Portico
• Roof extends to cover the portico and connects the colonnade.
• Symmetry of all the elements is an important feature
• The main door is always in the center just behind the colonnade
• Center hallway is typical in the interior
• Grand staircase usually a focal point inside
• Extensive use of molding inside and out
• Dentil molding is commonly used to outline the end of a rafter

Answer 27

Southern Colonial

Question 28

• 1 - 2 story
• Open floor plan with free-flowing spaces (sometimes difficult to determine indoor and outdoor space)
• Integrated with landscape and environment
• Open floor plan
• Low-pitched hipped or flat roof
• Broad overhanging eaves (usually box shaped)
• Strong horizontal lines
• Clerestory windows
• Prominent central chimney
• Wide use of natural materials especially stone and wood
• Siding often stucco, stone, or brick
• Reserved ornamentation

Answer 28

Prairie

Question 29

• Asymmetrical, often with complex plans, extensions, or cantilevered second floors
• Multiple, steeply-pitched gabled roofs with upper roofs extended to cover open porches
• Siding is often wood-shingled, but brick and stucco were also used in combination
• Large chimneys with multiple flues
• Small scale casement windows often with small leaded panes.
• Exterior window trim is minimal or nonexistent
• Vertical board doors at entries, sometimes with carved beams
• Staining was often preferred over painted finishes indoors and out

Answer 29

Arts & Crafts