Architectural History Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Tumulus

A

Mound of earth and stones raised over a grave

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2
Q

Name of western north africa

A

Maghrab

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3
Q

Cairn

A

Pile of stones

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4
Q

Chambered Cairn

A

Neolithic Burial monument such as found in Scotland and Orkney Islands: the Maeslowe Group, ca. 2700 BCE

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5
Q

Menhir

A

A single standing stone

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6
Q

Dolmen

A

Single chamber tomb, 2 or more vertical monoliths supporting a capstone usually covered with earth or stones to form a “Tumulus.”

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7
Q

Megaron

A

Rectangular space with a door on the short wall in a Minoan or Mycenean palace

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8
Q

Domos

A

(Greek) House with entrance on short wall

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9
Q

Prodomos

A

(Greek) antiroom to a domos

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10
Q

Tholos

A

round tomb with vaulted ceiling

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11
Q

Dromos

A

(Greek) Entrance way to a Tholos

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12
Q

Corbel

A

stacking of stone to gradually close up at the top

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13
Q

Citadel

A

protective enclosure of a palace or city

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14
Q

Cyclopean masonry

A

(Greek) Large irregular stones dry set to form a wall

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15
Q

Polygonal masonry

A

(Greek) Large stones cut into polygons and carefully fitted together without mortar

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16
Q

Acanthus

A

(Greek) perennial plant with leaves with delicate edges that was used as an inspiration for Greek Corinthian order column capital design

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17
Q

In antis

A

(Greek) columns located between the ends of walls

18
Q

Acroteria

A

(Greek) sculptural figures at the top of a roof

19
Q

Naos

A

(Greek) The major enclosed space in a temple

20
Q

Cella

A

The main chamber of a Greek or Roman temple in the Naos, built to house the cult statue

21
Q

Peristyle

A

(Greek) the colonnade around a peripteral building or around a court

22
Q

Peripteral

A

(Greek) an adjective describing a building with a colonnade around its entire perimeter

23
Q

Intercolumniation

A

The space between two adjacent columns

24
Q

Stereobate

A

(Greek) a solid mass of masonry serving as the visible base of a building, especially a Greek temple. In a Greek temple only the lower steps are called the stereobate; the top step, on which the columns rest, is called the stylobate

25
Q

stylobate

A

(Greek) the top step in a Greek Temple on which the columns (Styles) are set

26
Q

Entasis

A

(Greek) The swelling convex curvature along the line of taper of classical columns

27
Q

Echinus

A

(Greek) In the Doric order, the quarter round molding beneath the abacus of a capital

28
Q

Abacus

A

the uppermost part of a capital, forming a slab upon which the architrave rests

29
Q

Entablature

A

(Greek) the group of horizontal member resting on the columns of the one of the classical orders. It is divided into three parts: architrave, frieze, and cornice

30
Q

Architrave

A

(Greek) the lowest member of an entablature, resting directly on the columns.

31
Q

Frieze

A

(Greek) the middle member of an entablature, between the architrave and cornice

32
Q

Triglyph

A

(Greek) in the frieze of the entablature of the Doric order, the vertical blocks, which are divided by channels into three sections

33
Q

Metope

A

(Greek) in the frieze of an entablature of the Doric order, one of the panels between the triglyphs, sometimes ornamented

34
Q

Cornice

A

(Greek) the topmost part of a classical entablature

35
Q

Pediment

A

(Greek) In classical architecture, the low-pitched gable, or triangular area formed by the two slopes of the low-pitched roof of a temple, framed by the horizontal and raking cornices and sometimes filled with sculpture

36
Q

Orders

A

an architectural “order” is one of the classical systems of carefully proportioned and interdependent parts which include column and entablature:

Doric: the oldest and simplest of the orders

Ionic: is more slender and lighter order than the Doric

Corinthian: developed later than the Doric or Ionic. It is distinguished from the Ionic by its capital formed of a circular belle of rows of acanthus leaves

37
Q

Mesopotamia

A

“land between the waters” (Tigris and Euphrates (modern day Iraq)

38
Q

Lamassu

A

an Assyrian protective deity, often depicted as having a human’s head, a body of an ox or a lion, and bird’s wing

39
Q

Sphinx

A

sculpture or painting which depicts a figure with the haunches of a lion, the wings of a great bird, and the face and breast of a woman. Those who cannot answer her riddle are gobbled up whole and raw, eaten by this ravenous monster. The riddle of the Sphinx: “What walks with four legs in the morning, two in the afternoon and three in the evening?”

40
Q

Obelisk

A

single tall stone with a pyramidal top, the sides covered with heiroglyphs

41
Q

Mastaba

A

A flat-topped structure built of mud-brick or stone to cover a tomb