Architectural Form Space and Order Definitions Flashcards
A vestibule or gateway of architectural importance before a temple area or other enclosure, often used in the plural is a _____________
Propylaeum
In ancient Greece, a piece of ground specifically set aside and enclosed as a sacred space is a __________
Temenos
The principal chamber or enclosed part of a classical temple, where the cult image was kept (also called naos)
The cella
A muslim theological school arranged around a courtyard and attached to a mosque found from the 11th century on in Egypt, Anatolia and Persia is called a ____________
Madrasah
A broad embankment of earth raised as a fortification around a place and usually surround by a parapet is called a __________
Rampart
A tendency in architecture and the decorative arts to freely mix various historical styles with the aim of combinging the virtues of diverse sources or of increasing illusive content particularly during the second half of the nineteenth century in Europe and the US is called ________
Ecclectism
Relation in magnetude, quantity or degree between two or more similar things is called a _________
Ratio
A tall ornamental structure usually ending in a spire atop a church or other public building is a _________
Steeple
A narrow passageway or gallery connecting parts of a building, especially one into which several rooms or apartments open
Corridor
A system of decoration in Islamic architecture formed by the intricate corbeling of brackets, squinches and inverted pyramids sometimes wrought in stone, but more often in plaster. Also called stalagtite work is called _________
Muqarnas
A single block of stone of considerable size often in the form of an obelisk or column is a ________
Monolith
An architectural feature in Spanish architecture affording a view of the surroundings as a bay window loggia or roof pavilion is a __________
Mirador
A Buddhist monastary or temple in Thailand or Cambodia is a ________
Wat
The art or technique of painting on a freshly spread, moist plaster surface with pigments ground up in water or a lime-water mixture is a _________
Fresco
A part of a church or a separate building in which the rite of baptism is administered is called the __________
Baptistry
a rigid structural member disigned to carry and transfer transverse loads across space to supporting elements is called a ____
Beam
A prehistoric monument consisting of an upright megalith, usually standing alone, but sometimes aligned with others is a __________
Menhir
A column built so as to be truely or seemingly bonded to the wall before which it stands is called an __________ ____________
Engaged column
The horizontal part of a classical entablature between the cornice and architrave often decorated with sculpture and low relief. Also, a decorative band, as one along the top of an interior wall immediately below the cornice or a sculptured one in a string course on an outside wall is called a ______
Frieze
The overhead interior surface or lining of a room, often concealing the underside of the floor or roof above is the ________
Ceiling
A monumental gateway to an ancient Egyptian temple consisting of a pair of tall truncated pyramids and a doorway between them, often decorated with painted reliefs is called a ______
Pylon
An external support built to stabilize a structure by opposing its outward thrusts, especially a projecting support built into or against the outside of a masonry wall
A buttress
Of or pertaining to a system of construction employing beams or lintels is ____________
Trabeate
A picture recess, a shallow slighly raised alcove for displaying something. The spiritual center of a traditional Japanese house and is located in the most formal room,
Tokonoma
A Buddhist shrine in India, usually carved out of solid rock on a hillside, having the form of an aisled basilica with a stupa at one end
A chaitya
Originally, the main or central inner hall of an ancient Roman house, open to the sky at the center and usually having a pool of r the collection of rainwater. Later, the forecourt of an early Chrustian church, flanked or surrounded by porticoes. Now, an open, skylit court around which a house or building is built is an ______
Atrium
A transverse open space separating the nave and the apse of an early Christian church, developing into the transept of later cruciform churches is the ____
Bema
A large entrance room of a house or building as a vestibule or lobby . Also a large room or building for public gatherings or entertainment is called a _______
Hall
An inclinded bar of masonry carried on a segmental arch and transmitting an outward and downward thrust from a roof or vault to a solid buttress that through its mass transforms the thrust into a vertical one. A characteristic feature of Gothic construction is a ___________
Flying Buttress
The low pitched gable enclosed by the buildings horizontal and raking cornices of a Greek or Roman temple. Also a similar or derivative element used to surmount a major division of a facade or crown an opening is called a ___________
Pediment
A very large stone used as found, or roughly dressed, especially in ancient construction work is a ___________
Megalith
The lowest horizontal member of a framed structure resting on and anchored to a foundation wall, also the horizontal member below a window or door opening is a ________
Sill
A thin, flexible surface that carried loads primarily through tensile stresses is a _______ _____________
Tensile structure
A building or other shelter, often of a stately or sumptuous character enclosing the remains or relics of a saint or other holy person and forming an object of religious veneration and pilgrimage is called a ___
Shrine
What are any of a number of closely spaced supports for a railing or banister called?
A baluster
A unit of measurement used for standardizing the dimensions of building materials or regulating the proportions of an architectural composition is a __________
Module
An inn in the Near East for the overnight accommodation of caravans, usually having a large courtyard enclosed by a solid wall and entered through an imposing gateway is a __________
Caravansary
To set bricks or stones in an overlapping arrangement so that each course steps upward and outward frm the vertical face a wall
Corbel
An arched structure of stone, brick or reinforced concrete forming a ceiling or roof over a hall, room, or other wholly or paritally enclosed space. Supporting walls must be buttressed to counteract the thrusts of the arching action. This is called a ________
Describing a recess in a wall haing the appearance of a window or door inserted to complete a series of windows or to provide symmetry of design
A blind
A massive masonry structure having a rectangular base and four smooth, steeply sloping sides facing the cardinal points and meeting at an apex, used in ancient Egypt as the tomb used to bury the mummy of the pharoah - usually part of a complex within a walled enclosure is a __________
A pyramid
A rigid, relatively slender structural member designed primarily to support compressive loads applies at the member ends. In classical architecture, a cylindrical support consisting of a capital, shaft and usually a base, either monolithic or built up of drums the full diameter of the shaft
Column
A vaulted structure having a circular plan and usually the form of a portion of a sphere so constructed as to have an equal thrust in all directions is called a _________
Dome
An exterior appendage to a building forming a covered approach or vestibule to a doorway is a ________
Porch
A slight convexity given to a column to correct an optical illusion of concavity if the sides were straight is called an ________
Entasis
A structure from which the temple bell is hung as one of a pair of small, identical, symmetrcal placed pavilions in a Japanese Buddhist temple is a _________
Shoro
The inner curve or suface of an arch forming the concave underside is called _________
Intrados
A conception or representation resembling the human form or having human attributes in ___________.
Anthropomorphism
A relatively small usually foliated ornament terminating the peak of a spire or pinnacle is called a _________.
Finial
The principal story of a large building as a palace or villa with formal reception and dining rooms usually one flight above the ground floor is called a __________ ___________
Piano nobile
A monumental, freestanding gateway on the approach to a Shinto shrine constisting of 2 pillars connecting at the top by a horizontal crosspiece and a lintel above it, usually curving upward is a ___________
Torii
The spirit way that led from the south gate to the royal tomb of the Tang dynasty lined with stone pillars in sculptured animal and human figures is called the _________
Lingdao
A unified composition of 2-dimensional shapes or 3-dimensional volumes especially one that has or gives the impression of weight, density and bulk is called ______
Massing
The part of a structure that directly receives thrust or pressure, such as a masonry mass receiving and supporting the thrust of part of an arch or vault: a heavy wall supporting the end of a bridge or span and sustaining the pressure of the adjoining earth; a mass or structure resisting the pressure of water on a bridge or pier; or the anchorage for the cables of a suspension bridge is called an _____________
Abutment
A spherical triangle forming the transition from the circular plan of a dome to the polygonal plan of its supporting structure is termed ___________
Pendentive
A light, usually open building used for concerts, shelter or exhibits, as in a park or fair. Also, a central or flanking subdivision of a facade, usually accented by more elaborate decoration or greater height and distinction of skyline is a ___________
Pavilion
A place of residence for a community of persons living in seclusion under religious vows is a ___________
Monastary
Ashlar masonry having the visible faces of the dressed stones raised or otherwise contrasted with the horizontal, and usually the vertical joints which may be rabbetted, chamfered or beveled is called ___________
Rustication
A lofty, slender tower attached to a mosque, having stairs leading up to one or more projecting balconies from which the Muezzin calls the Muslim people to prayer is a __________
Minaret
A circular opening, especially one at the crown of a dome is called an ___________
Oculus
A canopied opening or niche flanked by two columns, piers, or pilasters supporting a gable, lintel or entablature is called an ________.
Aedicule
A system for spacing columns in a collanade based on the space between two adjacent columns measured in diameters is called ___________
Intercolumniation
A temple tower in Sumarian and Assyrian architecture built in diminishing stages of mud, brick with buttressed walls faced with burnt brick culminating in a summit shrine or temple reached by a series of ramps, thought to be of Summarian origin dating from the end of the 3rd millenium BC is a _____________
Ziggurat
The art and science of shaping, ornamenting and assembling materials and building construction is called ________________
Tectonics
A property of perception in which there is a tendency to see parts of a visual field as solid well-defined objects standing out against a less distinct background is called _________ ___________.
Figure Ground
The measurement and study of the size and proportionsof the human body is called __________.
Anthropometry
A sequence of numbers whose reciprocals form an arithmetic progression is called ___________ ___________
Harmonic Progression
An artificial, stonelike building material made by mixing cement and various mineral aggregates with sufficient water to cause the cement to set and bind the entire mass
Concrete
A projecting structure built out from a sloping roof usually housing a vertical window or ventilating louver is called a _________
Dormer
Friday Mosque, a congregational mosque for public prayer especially on Fridays is called ____ ______
Jami Masjid
A phallus symbol of the god Siva in Hindu architecture is called a _________
Linga
A covered walk having an arcade or colonnade on one side opening onto a courtyard
Cloister
A Buddhist temple in the form of a square or polygonal tower with roofs projecting from each of its many stories, erected as a memorial or to hold relics. From the stupa, the Indian prototype, it gradually changed in form to resemble the traditional multi-storied watchtower as it spread with Buddhism to China and Japan. They were initially built of timber, but from the 6th century on were more frequently of brick or stone, possibly due to Indian influence. These are called ___________
Pagodas
An empty space contained within or bounded by mass is a ________
Void
The uppermost member of a classical entablature, consisting typically of a cymatium, corona and bed molding
Cornice
A superstructure crowning a roof or dome having open or windowed walls to let in light and air is called a ___________
Lantern
The external upper covering of a building including the framing for supporting this structure is the ______
Roof
A column of steel or reinforced concrete supporting a building above an open ground level, thereby leaving the space available for other uses is called a _________
Piloti
Movement characterized by a patterened repetition or alternation of formal elements or motifs in the same or a modified form is called __________
Rhythm
A backward slope of the face of a wall as it rises is called the ___________
Batter
A country residence or estate is a ________
Villa
A porch roof projecting over a driveway at the main entrance to a building and sheltering those getting in an out of vehicles is a _____-_________
Porte-cochere
A grove or thicket of trees in a garden or park is a _____
Bosket
The lowermost division of a classical entablature, resting directly on the column capitals and supporting the frieze is the _____________.
Architrave
having 4 columns, or one on each front is a __________
Tetrastyle
The design proportioning and disposition of windows and other exterior openings of a building. Also, an oriental motif having the form of a blind arcade or arch as in medieval cabinet work is called a ___________.
Fenestration
The fortified high area or citadel of an ancient Greek city, especially the city of Athens and the site of the Parthenon is an _________
Acropolis
A large, porchlike hall leading to the sanctuary of a Hindu or Jain temple, and used for religious dancing and music is called a _________
Mandapa
A large hall having many columns in rows supporting a flat roof and sometimes a clerestory prevalent in ancient Egyptian and Achaemenid architecture is called a ______
Hippostyle Hall
The state or quality of being combined into one as the ordering of elements in an artistic work that constitutes a harmonious whole or promotes a singleness of effect is called ___________
Unity
An upright, relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of brick or stone, used as a building support or standing alone as a monument is a _________
Pillar
The major transform part of a cruciform church crossing the main axis at a right angle between the nave and choir, also either of the projecting arms of this part on either side of the central aisle of a church is the ___________
Transept
What is the French term for a narrow passage between houses or a broad walk planted with trees?
Allée
The main surface or background in painting or decorative work. Also the receeding part of a visual field against which a figure is percieved is called the ________
Ground
A glass enclosed porch, room or gallery used for sunbathing or therapeudic exposure to sunlight is a _________
Solarium
A monumental, usally ornate gateway tower to a Hindu temple enclosure, especially in Southern India is called a __________
Gopura
A sacred, or holy place where the principal alter is placed is the __________
Sanctuary
What is the part of an image represented as being at the maximum distance from the frontal plane?
The background
A palace hall in Chinese architecture, always on the median axis of the site plan, and constructed on a raised platform faced with brick or stone is called a
Dian
The portico before the nave of an early Christian or Byzantine church appropriate to penetants. Also, an entrance hall or vestibule leading to the nave of a church is the _________
Narthex
Forming an intervening space is termed ________
Interstitial
A structural frame based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed of linear members subject only to tensile or axial compression is a ________
Truss
A squared building stone finely dressed on all faces adjacent to those of other stones so as to permet very thin mortar joints in an ______
Ashlar
A region or expanse of space characterized by a particular property, feature or activity is called a _________
Field
The physical volume or bulk of a solid body is called _________
Mass
A detail that is emphasized by contrasting with its surroundings. Also a distinctive but subordinate pattern, morif or color is an ____
Accent
An area used for a stroll or walk, especially in a public place as for pleasure or display is a _________
Promenade
Applied science, the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society and the environment drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science and pure science is __________
Technology
An oranamental arrangement of flower beds of different shapes and sizes are called __________
Parterre
Curved or arched like a bow; a term used in decribing the arched or vaulted structure of a Romanesque church or Gothic cathedral, as distinguished from the trabeated architecture of an Egyption hippostyle hall or Greek Doric temple is an ______
Arcuate
Something that represents something else by association, resemblance or convention especially a material object used to represent something invisible or immaterial is a ___________
Symbol