ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER and tombs nd pyramids Flashcards
Ornaments:
- _________ (Symbol for Lower Egypt and Fertility)
Papyrus
Ornaments:
- ______(Symbol for Upper Egypt and Fertility)
Lotus
- ____ (Fertility)
Palm (Fertility)
___________ are indicative of plant stems gathered at the base with
capitals derived from the lotus bud, papyrus flower and the
palm.
Columns
3 Types of Ornamentation:
1.___________ _____
2. ________
3. _______
3 Types of Ornamentation:
1.Geometric Forms
2.Animals
3.Plants
The belief in existence beyond death resulted in sepulchral
architecture of utmost impressiveness and permanence.
TOMB ARCHITECTURE
______ _________is a broad pit below ground covered with a
rectangular flat mound with sides sloping at 75 degrees. The
word mastaba is an Arabic word meaning “bench of mud”.
Heavy stones (________) are dropped through the slots to
seal the chamber.
Royal Mastaba
Heavy stones (portcullises) are dropped through the slots to
seal the chamber.
Parts of a Mastaba:
a. _______ is a room for the statue of the deceased.
Serdab
Parts of a Mastaba:
a. _______ is a room for the statue of the deceased.
Serdab
Parts of a Mastaba:
b. _______ room with _____ (name of the deceased inscribed
on it).
Offering room with stele (name of the deceased inscribed
on it).
Parts of a Mastaba:
c. _____ ______ (slot for portcullises)
Tomb shaft (slot for portcullises)
Parts of a Mastaba:
d. _____ __________
Parts of a Mastaba:
d. Tomb chamber
_________ is a series of successively smaller mastabas
one atop of another.
Step Pyramid
Ex: Step Pyramid of _______ by ________ is the world’s first
large scale monument in stone with no free-standing columns.
It was originally clad in polished white limestone.
Ex: Step Pyramid of Djozer by Imhotep is the world’s first
large scale monument in stone with no free-standing columns.
It was originally clad in polished white limestone.
_____ __________ was originally planned as a true pyramid, but
the corners were built on unstable ground and the walls of the
burial chambers inside began to crack and shift inward. Of
necessity, the building’s geometry was altered at a point just
above half its height. The angle of incline was decreased from 54º 31’ 13’’ to 43º 21’which gives it a unique and distinctive
shape.
Bent Pyramid
Ex.: Bent Pyramid of _______, _______ has the best
preserved limestone outer sheath of any pyramid
in Egypt.
Bent Pyramid of Snefru, Dashur has the best
preserved limestone outer sheath of any pyramid
in Egypt.
(bawal pic so imaginin m nlng perfect n pyramid wat is that)
True Pyramid
Parts of a Pyramid:
a. __________ ________
b. ________ _________ (for the worship of the dead)
c. _______
d. _____ __________ (for interment & embalmment)
a. Offering chapel
b. Mortuary temple
c. Causeway
d. Valley building
Ex: The Pyramid of ________ (________) is the oldest and largest (13
acres) of the 3 pyramids in the Giza Necropolis. It is the oldest
of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to
remain largely intact.
The Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu)
Ex: Pyramid of __________ (________) is slightly smaller than the great
Pyramid of Cheops & guarded by the Sphinx believed to bear
the face of King Chephren.
Pyramid of Chephren (Khafre)
Ex: The Pyramid of __________ (Menkaura, son of Chephren) is the
smallest and the last among the 3 pyramids to be built in the
Giza Plateau
The Pyramid of Mykerinos
BUILDING THE PYRAMID:
- ________ the site
* facing west as portal to the afterlife - ________ the site
* orienting the sides facing the cardinal points - ______ the blocks
- Choosing the site
* facing west as portal to the afterlife - Preparing the site
* orienting the sides facing the cardinal points - Raising the blocks
Types of Rock-cut Tombs
a. _________ Tombs were elaborately decorated tombs carved
into the limestone cliffs.
Hillside Tombs
Ex.: Tombs, Beni Hasan has 39 ancient rock-cut tombs.
Types of Rock-cut Tombs
Valley of the ____, _____ was the royal necropolis
of Ancient Egypt where the kings & powerful nobles were buried.
Valley of the Kings, Luxor
Ex.: The Valley of the Kings, Luxor
