ARCHIST III Flashcards
What do you call the period in Japanese history (710-794 CE) characterized by the adoption of Chinese culture and form of gov. named after the first permanent capital and chief Buddhist center in ancient Japan?
NARA
What is a period in Japan (785-1185 CE) characterized by the modification and naturalization of ideas and institutions that were earlier introduced from China; during this time indigenous feudalism superseded Chinese-based social order and Japanese architecture developed in isolation from China?
HEIAN
What is a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism that emphasizes experential wisdom, meditation, and intuition in the attainment of enlightenment; in Mandarin Chinese, Chán, derived from Sanskrit word dhyana?
ZEN
What is a Japanese term - translated as a gap, interval, or pause in time and space - referring to an aesthetic principle reflecting Zen Buddhist spatial ideas: time and space are indivisible; the space left void is just as important as the space that is filled; emptiness interacts with and shapes substance?
MA
What do you call the sacred spirits of Shintoism, which can take the form of things and concepts important to life, such as wind, rain, mountains, trees, rivers, and fertility?
KAMI
What do you call the style of architecture originating in France in the 12th century and existing in the western half of Europe through the middle of 16th century, characterized by the building of great cathedrals, a progressive lightening and heightening of structure, and the use of the pointed arch, ribbed vault, and a system of richly decorated fenestration?
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
What do you call a monastery church, later, any large or important church, such as a cathedral or the principal church of a town?
MINSTER
What is the middle phase of French Gothic architecture characterized by circular windows with radiating lines of tracery?
RAYONNANT STYLE
What is the second phase of English Gothic architecture characterized by rich tracery, elaborate ornamental vaulting, and refinement of stonecutting techniques?
DECORATED STYLE
What is the early development of the Decorated style characterized by the use of geometric tracery?
GEOMETRIC STYLE
What is the later development of the Decorated style characterized by use of curvilinear tracery?
CURVILINEAR STYLE
What is the final phase of French Gothic architecture characterized by flamelike tracery, intricacy of detailing, and frequent complication of interior space?
FLAMBOYANT STYLE
what is the final phase of English Gothic architecture characterized by perpendicular tracery, fine intricate stonework, and elaborate fan vaults?
PERPENDICULAR STYLE / RECTILINEAR STYLE
what is the architecture of the Khmer Empire, characterized by temple complexes consisting of four towers connected by covered galleries to a central dominant tower that represents Mount Meru, the legendary home of the Hindu gods, and a surrounding moat symbolizing the cosmic ocean?
KHMER ARCHITECTURE
What is the architecture of the Amerindian culture centered in the Oaxaca Valley of Mexico from c. 800 CE to the Spanish conquest, characterized by great stone masses, the use of interior stone columns, and the highly detailed fretwork of interior and exterior friezes?
MIXTEC ARCHITECTURE
What is the architecture of the Amerindian people who settled in central Mexico around 900 CE and traditionally credited with laying the foundation of Aztec culture; characterized by colossal basalt telemones of Toltec warriors, colonnades several ranks deep, and stone panels carved with human-headed jaguars and symbols of Quetzatcóatl, get in plain wall surfaces?
TOLTEC ARCHITECTURE
What do you call a temple tower in Khmer architecture constructed of stone and richly carved with bas-reliefs depicting epic tales and important events of Khmer history?
PRASAT
what is a large, shallow water tank in the architecture of the Khmer Empire, holding water for irrigation and symbolizing the font of the Hindu cosmos?
BARAY
What do you call the activity, spirit, or time of the humanistic revival of classical art, literature, and learning originating in Italy (14th century - 17th century), marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world?
RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
What do you call the group of architectural styles that originated in Italy (15th-16th century), characterized by an emphasis on symmetry, exact mathematical relationships between parts, and an overall effect of simplicity and repose?
ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
What is a style of Italian Renaissance art and architecture (15th century), characterized by the development of linear perspective, chiaroscuro, and in building, by the free and inventive use of classical details?
EARLY RENAISSANCE
What is a style of Italian Renaissance and architecture (15th-16th century), characterized by an emphasis on draftsmanship, the illusion of sculptural volume in painting, and in building, by the imitative use of whole orders and compositional arrangements in the classical style, with great attention to the formulation of compositional rules after the precepts of Vitruvius and the precedents of existing ruins?
HIGH RENAISSANCE
What is an Italian designation for a true cathedral?
DUOMO
what is a style of Spanish architecture produced by Mudéjars (13th-16th century) and Christians working within the Muslim tradition, characterized by a fusion of Romanesque and Gothic with Islamic elements?
MUDEJAR ARCHITECTURE
