Archimate Foundation - Part 3 - Chapter 6-7

Question 1

What are the ways to classify relationships in the Archimate language?

Answer 1

Structural, which model the static construction or composition of concepts of the same or different types  Dependency, which model how elements are used to support other elements  Dynamic, which are used to model behavior dependencies between elements  Other, which do not fall into one of the above categories

Question 2

What is the definition of the relationship composition?

Answer 2

Indicates that an element consists of one or more other concepts. A composition relationship is always allowed between two instances of the same element type. The usual interpretation of a composition relationship is that the whole or part of the source element is composed of the whole of the target element. The entity at the end with the diamond is the parent of the entity on the other end (the child).

Question 3

What is the definition of the relationship aggregation?

Answer 3

Indicates that an element consists of one or more other concepts. An aggregation relationship is always allowed between two instances of the same element type. The usual interpretation of an aggregation relationship is that the whole or part of the source element aggregates the whole of the target element. The entity at the end with a diamond is considered to be the parent of the entity at the end without a diamond. An alternative notation is to nest elements.

Question 4

What is the definition of the relationship assignment?

Answer 4

Expresses the allocation of responsibility, performance of behavior, or execution. The assignment relationship links active structure elements with units of behavior that are performed by them, business actors with business roles that are fulfilled by them, and nodes with technology objects. It always points from active structure to behavior, and from behavior to passive structure. The usual interpretation of an assignment relationship is that the whole or part of the source element is assigned the whole of the target element. This means that if, for example, two active structure elements are assigned to the same behavior element, either of them can perform the complete behavior. If both active structure elements are needed to perform the behavior, the grouping element or a junction can be used, and if the combination of these elements has a more substantive and independent character, a collaboration should be used. An alternate notation is to nest elements.

Question 5

What is the definition of the relationship realization?

Answer 5

Indicates that an entity plays a critical role in the creation, achievement, sustenance, or operation of a more abstract entity. Indicates that more abstract entities (“what” or “logical”) are realized by means of more tangible entities (e.g., “how” or “physical”, respectively). The usual interpretation of a realization relationship is that the whole or part of the source element realizes the whole of the target element. This means that if, for example, two internal behavior elements have a realization relationship to the same service, either of them can realize the complete service. The entity at the end without the arrow head realizes the entity at the end with an arrow head.

Question 6

What is the alternative notation for the aggregation relationship aggregation?

Answer 6

An alternate notation for an aggregation relationship is to nest the model elements. The entity at the end with a diamond can be considered the parent of the one or more entities at the ends without a diamond.

Question 7

Which relationship are part of the structural relationships?

Answer 7

Composition, aggregation, assignment and realization

Question 8

Which relationships are part of the dependency relationships?

Answer 8

Serving, access and influence.

Question 9

What is the definition of the relationship serving?

Answer 9

Models that an element provides its functionality to another element. This represents a control dependency, denoted by a solid line. The serving relationship describes how the services or interfaces offered by a behavior or active structure element serve entities in their environment. This relationship is applied for both the behavior and active structure aspects. The entity at the end without the arrow head serves the entity at the end with the arrow head.

Question 10

What is the definition of the relationship access?

Answer 10

Models the ability of behavior and active structure elements to observe or act upon passive structure elements. This represents a data dependency, denoted by a dashed line. The access relationship indicates that a process, function, interaction, service, or event “does something” with a passive structure element; e.g., create a new object, read data from the object, write or modify the object data, or delete the object. The relationship can also be used to indicate that the object is just associated with the behavior; e.g., it models the information that comes with an event, or the information that is made available as part of a service. The arrow head, if present, indicates the direction of the flow of information.

Question 11

What is the definition of the relationship influence?

Answer 11

Models that an element affects the implementation or achievement of some motivation element. This is the weakest type of dependency, and is used to model how motivation elements are influenced by other elements. Attributes can be used to indicate the sign and/or strength of the influence. The choice of possible attribute values is left to the modeler; e.g., {++, +, 0, -, –} or [0..10]. By default, the influence relationship models a contribution with unspecified sign and strength.

Question 12

Which relationships are part of the dynamic relationships?

Answer 12

Triggering and flow

Question 13

What is the definition of the relationship triggering?

Answer 13

Describes a temporal or causal relationship between elements. The triggering relationship is used to model the temporal or causal precedence of behavior elements in a process. The usual interpretation of a triggering relationship is that the source element should be completed before the target element can start, although weaker interpretations are also permitted. Note that this does not necessarily represent that one behavior element actively starts another; a traffic light turning green also triggers the cars to go through the intersection.

Question 14

What is the definition of the relationship flow?

Answer 14

Transfer from one element to another.

Question 15

Which relationships are part of the other relationships?

Answer 15

specialization, association, and junction

Question 16

What is the definition of the relationship junction?

Answer 16

Used to connect relationships of the same type. A junction is not an actual relationship in the same sense as the other relationships, but rather a relationship connector. A junction may have multiple incoming relationships and one outgoing relationship, one incoming relationship and multiple outgoing relationships, or multiple incoming and outgoing relationships (the latter can be considered a shorthand of two subsequent junctions). A junction is used to explicitly express that several elements together participate in the relationship (and junction) or that one of the elements participates in the relationship (or junction).

Question 17

What is the definition of the relationship specialization?

Answer 17

Indicates that an element is a particular kind of another element.

Question 18

What is the definition of the relationship association?

Answer 18

Models an unspecified relationship, or one that is not represented by another, more specific ArchiMate relationship. An association relationship is always allowed between two elements, or between a relationship and an element.

Question 19

Complete the sentence: Relationships that model temporal dependencies between behavior elements are known as ………. A. other B. structural C. dynamic D. static

Answer 19

C. Dynamic

Question 20

Which of the following is not a structural relationship? A. Composition B. Triggering C. Aggregation D. Assignment

Answer 20

B. Triggeting

Question 21

Which of the following relationships is used to describe the transfer of information between processes? A. Flow B. Triggering C. Aggregation D. Used by

Answer 21

A. Flow

Question 22

What type of relationship can be used to model the following: A Purchase Order is a type of a Business Form. A. Composition B. Specialization C. Aggregation D. Assignment

Answer 22

B. Specialization

Question 23

Complete the sentence: When two or more dynamic relationships of the same type need to be connected you should use a(n) ………. A. aggregation B. composition C. intersection D. junction

Answer 23

D. junction

Question 24

Which of the following statements about the grouping relationship is not true? A. The grouping relationship indicates that objects belong together based on some common characteristic. B. The grouping relationship has no formal semantics. C. It is used to show graphically that model elements have something in common. D. Model elements may only belong to one group.

Answer 24

D. Model elements may only belong to one group.

Question 25

What are the meaning of stakeholder, driver and assessment? when to use them?

Answer 25

When modeling motivation, it is essential to understand the factors, often referred to as drivers, which influence other motivation elements. They can originate from either inside or outside the enterprise. Internal drivers, also called concerns, are associated with stakeholders, which can be some individual human being or some group of human beings, such as a project team, enterprise, or society. Examples of such internal drivers are customer satisfaction, compliance to legislation, or profitability. It is common for enterprises to undertake an assessment of these drivers; e.g., using a SWOT analysis, in order to respond in the best way.

Question 26

What are the meaning of goal, outcome, principle, requirement, and constraint? when to use them?

Answer 26

The motivation of an organization or individual to achieve certain results is represented by goals, principles, requirements, and constraints. Goals represent that a stakeholder wants to realize a certain outcome; e.g., “Increase customer satisfaction by 10%”. The end results realized by capabilities that realize these goals are outcomes. Principles and requirements represent desired properties of solutions – or means – to realize the goals. Principles are normative guidelines that guide the design of all possible solutions in a given context. For example, the principle “Data should be stored only once” represents a means to achieve the goal of “Data consistency” and applies to all possible designs of the organization’s architecture. Requirements represent formal statements of need, expressed by stakeholders, which must be met by the architecture or solutions. For example, the requirement “Use a single CRM system” conforms to the aforementioned principle by applying it to the current organization’s architecture in the context of the management of customer data. Constraints represent restrictions on the way in which a system is realized; for example, specific technology to be used.

Question 27

What are the meaning of goal, outcome, principle, requirement, and constraint? when to use them?

Answer 27

The motivation of an organization or individual to achieve certain results is represented by goals, principles, requirements, and constraints. Goals represent that a stakeholder wants to realize a certain outcome; e.g., “Increase customer satisfaction by 10%”. The end results realized by capabilities that realize these goals are outcomes. Principles and requirements represent desired properties of solutions – or means – to realize the goals. Principles are normative guidelines that guide the design of all possible solutions in a given context. For example, the principle “Data should be stored only once” represents a means to achieve the goal of “Data consistency” and applies to all possible designs of the organization’s architecture. Requirements represent formal statements of need, expressed by stakeholders, which must be met by the architecture or solutions. For example, the requirement “Use a single CRM system” conforms to the aforementioned principle by applying it to the current organization’s architecture in the context of the management of customer data. Constraints represent restrictions on the way in which a system is realized; for example, specific technology to be used.

Question 28

What are the meaning of meaning and value? when to use them?

Answer 28

A meaning can be associated with any core element. To denote that a meaning is specific to a particular stakeholder, this stakeholder can also be associated to the meaning. It is often used to describe the meaning of passive structure elements (for example, a document, message). It is a description that expresses the intent of that element; i.e., how it informs the external user. It is possible that different users view the informative functionality of an element differently. For example, what may be a “registration confirmation” for a client could be a “client mutation” for a CRM department (assuming for the sake of argument that it is modeled as an external user). Also, various different representations may carry essentially the same meaning. For example, various different documents (a web document, a filled-in paper form, a “client contact” report from the call center) may essentially carry the same meaning.

Question 29

Which of the following is defined as a statement of need that must be realized by a system? A. Driver B. Goal C. Constraint D. Requirement

Answer 29

D.

Question 30

Complete the sentence: The statement “All systems should safeguard company Intellectual Property” would be considered a(n) ………. A. objective B. requirement C. constraint D. principle

Answer 30

D.

Question 31

What describes the outcome of analyzing some driver? A. A driver B. An assessment C. A constraint D. A goal

Answer 31

B.

Question 32

What relationship is used to model the positive or negative impact of a motivation element on another element? A. Influence relationship B. Trigger relationship C. Realization relationship D. Flow relationship

Answer 32

A

Question 33

Complete the sentence: A requirement can be related to a structure element by a(n) ………. A. assignment relationship B. access relationship C. realization relationship D. triggering relationship

Answer 33

C

Question 34

What are the strategy elements?

Answer 34

Resource, capability , and course of action.

Question 35

What is the definition of the element resource?

Answer 35

An asset owned or controlled by an individual or organization. Resources are a central concept in the field of strategic management, economics, computer science, portfolio management, and more. The name of a resource should preferably be a noun.

Question 36

What is the definition of the element capability?

Answer 36

An ability that an active structure element, such as an organization, person, or system, possesses. Capabilities focus on business outcomes. They provide a high-level view of the current and desired abilities of an organization, in relation to its strategy and its environment. Capabilities are expressed in general and high-level terms and are typically realized by a combination of organization, people, processes, information, and technology. For example, marketing, customer contact, or outbound telemarketing.

Question 37

What is the definition of the element course of action?

Answer 37

An approach or plan for configuring some capabilities and resources of the enterprise, undertaken to achieve a goal. A course of action represents what an enterprise has decided to do.

Question 38

Describe the relationships with Motivation and core elements.

Answer 38

the strategy elements are related to core elements and motivation elements. Internal and external behavior elements may realize capabilities, while an active or passive structure element may realize a resource. Capabilities, courses of action, and resources may realize or influence requirements (and, indirectly, also principles or goals), and a course of action may also realize or influence an outcome (and, indirectly, also a goal).

Question 39

Which of following is defined as an ability that an active structure element, such as an organization, person, or system, possesses. A. Capability B. Driver C. Resource D. Requirement

Answer 39

A. Capability

Question 40

Complete the sentence: In the strategy elements metamodel a resource is assigned to a ………. A. capability B. course of action C. resource D. requirement

Answer 40

A. capability

Question 41

What can be classified into tangible assets, physical assets, and intangible assets? A. Assessments B. Capabilities C. Outcome D. Resources

Answer 41

D. Resources can be classified into tangible assets – financial assets (e.g., cash, securities, borrowing capacity), physical assets (e.g., plant, equipment, land, mineral reserves), intangible assets (technology; e.g., patents, copyrights, trade secrets; reputation, e.g., brand, relationships; culture), and human assets (skills/know-how, capacity for communication and collaboration, motivation).

Question 42

What can be classified into strategies and tactics? A. Assessments B. Capabilities C. Courses of action D. Outcomes

Answer 42

C. Courses of action can be categorized as strategies or tactics.

Question 43

Which of the following represents the ArchiMate specialization relationship?

Answer 43

A.