Arabic Grammer

Question 1

Nisba Adjective

يٌّ يَّةٌ

Answer 1

Make adjectives from nouns 
يٌّ    added to noun to form masculine
يَّةٌ added to noun to form fem sing adj
Remove final short vowel at end of noun
If noun has fem ending ة , drop ending to form sing masc adj. To form fem adj, restore fem ending
P.121

Question 2

Nominative case (noun)

Answer 2

Ends in damma (ُ ) or double damma (ٌ )
Damma - definite noun
Double damma - indefinite noun

Question 3

Accusative case

Answer 3

Fatha (َ ) or double fatha (ً )
D.o. Of verb, for example
Only in accusative : alif added to sing, masc, and indefinite nouns (طالباً). Extra alif does not lengthen fatha- convention of spelling.

Question 4

Genitive case

Answer 4

Ends in kasra (ِ) or double kasra (ٍ )

Example : object of prep in sentence.

Question 5

Nominal sentence

Answer 5

Begins with noun
Subject and predicate
Subject is definite and predicate usually indefinite ( not always)
Subject and predicate in nom case
Subject: noun or pronoun
Predicate: noun, adj, prep phrase, or verb.
Sometimes, pred comes first and subject second - when subject second, usually indefinite