AR, FS + EP Flashcards
Define ‘ALARP’
As low as reasonably practicable.
The cost of further reduction is considered to be grossly disproportionate to the benefits of risk reduction.
Define ‘Air Safety’
The state of freedom from unacceptable risk of injury to persons, or damage, throughout the life cycle of military air systems.
Define ‘Flight Safety’
A collective endeavour to operate in the air environment in the safest possible manner.
Define ‘Air Worthiness’
Equipment operated without any significant risks to aircrew, crew, passengers or third parties.
What are the different types of long term memory?
- Semantic (recollection of patterns, ideas, concepts etc)
- Motor (muscle memory)
- Episodic (memory of key events)
Define ‘CRM’
CRM (Crew Resource Management) is the use of all of the skills and resources available to a crew to achieve the aims of the flight (safety, effectiveness and efficiency)
Define ‘Risk’
A measure of exposure to potential harm.
Define ‘Hazard’
An intermediate state where there is potential harm.
Duty Holders
SDH - Senior Duty Holder
ODH - Operating Duty Holder
DDH - Delivery Duty Holder
FRCs
Flight Reference Cards - the best practice for normal and emergency flight.
Risk to Life Matrix
Comprises severity vs likelihood when considering decisions (severity corresponds to amount of loss of life)
SHELL
Software Hardware Environmental Liveware (teams) Liveware (people)
Why was CRM developed?
To reduce human error and hold crew members accountable.
How is airmanship developed?
- Experience over time
- Knowing theory
- Feedback and reflection
FEEL Checks
Example of airmanship cycle F - Fuel E - Engine E - Electrics L - Location
Define ‘perception’
One’s understanding of what is happening, vs. what is actually happening (reality).
What are warnings, cautions and considerations?
Warnings:
If not observed closely, May result in death or catastrophic a/c failure.
Cautions:
If not observed closely, May result in damage of the a/c or onboard equipment.
Considerations:
Additional info which May help in addressing longer-term implications.
What are the 3 decision processes,
- Rules Based
- Pattern Based
- Analytical
Squawks and Emery Freqs?
7700 - Emergency
7600 - Comms issues
7500 - Hijacking
121.5 VHF
243 UHF
What does ‘RAPDAR’ stand for?
R - Recognise A - Analyse P - Prioritise D - Decide A - Act R - Review
What are the Emergency Handling Procedures?
Aviate
- Fly the a/c
- Analyse the situation
- Take proper action
Navigate
Communicate
What do the following stand for?
DCORS, DASOR, ASIMS, DAEMS?
DCORS - Defence Confidential Occurrence Reporting System
DASOR - Defence Air Safety Occurrence Report
ASIMS - Air Safety Information Management System
DAEMS - Defence Aviation Error Management System
What are the 2 types of situational awareness?
Positional and Tactical
What does resource management comprise?
- aircraft systems
- cockpit resources
- crew resources
- external resources
What are the 3 factors of mental performance?
- situational analysis
- priority allocation
- mental flexibility
What are the damage categories?
- 1 to 3 = incident
- 4 to 5 = accident
With regards to communication in an aircraft, what must be considered?
What is right, not who is right.
Why is good airmanship so important for aviators?
Human factors are the main cause of accidents.
What best describes good airmanship?
The consistent use of good judgement, skills and attitude to achieve the aims of a mission.
What does the SHELL model represent with regards to CRM?
It is a model that focuses on how operator performance is varied by being faced with different factors.
What does the Swiss cheese model represent?
The different layers leading up to an accident.
During an a/c emergency, what should the pilot do immediately and instinctively?
Fly the aircraft, analyse the situation and take proper action.
What are the top air safety risks?
- Mid-air collision
- FOD
- Self medication
- Runway incursions
What is described as a measure of possible harm?
Risk
What is least likely to occur as part of risk management?
Elimination
What is CAT 5?
An accident
