AR And MR Of NFO

Question 1

AR of assault

Answer 1

D causes V to apprehend immediate unlawful personal violence - R v Ireland

Question 2

MR of assault

Answer 2

Intentional or subjectively recklessly causes V to apprehend immediate unlawful personal violence.

Question 3

AR of battery

Answer 3

The unlawful application of force to another

R v Martin

Question 4

MR of battery

Answer 4

Intention/ subjective recklessness to apply unlawful force to another

Question 5

AR of s47

Answer 5

any hurt or injury calculated to interfere with the health or comfort of V.
R v Chan- Fook

Question 6

MR of s47

Answer 6

Intentional or subjectively recklessly (causes V to apprehend immediate unlawful personal violence/to apply unlawful force to another)

Question 7

AR of s20

Answer 7

D caused V a physical (Saunders), mental (Burstow) or biological injury (Dica).

Question 8

MR of s20

Answer 8

Intention or subjective recklessness to cause some minor harm (Savage).

Question 9

AR of s18

Answer 9

D causes V a serious physical (Saunders), mental (Burstow) or biological injury (Dica).

Wounding with intent’ - a cut of at least 2 layers of skin and bleeding (Eisenhower)

Refusing arrest

Question 10

MR of s18

Answer 10

Intention (direct of indirect) to cause serious harm - Saunders