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Finals Mix&Match > Aquatic Biomes > Flashcards

Aquatic Biomes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major types of Aquatic Life Zones/Aquatic Systems?

A
  • Saltwater (marine)
  • Freshwater
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2
Q

What differentiates Aquatic Life Zones?

A
  • Water’s Salinity (amounts of various salts dissolved in given amount of water)
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3
Q

How much of Earth’s surface does Aquatic LIfe Zones cover?

A
  • Saltwater & Freshwater 3/4
  • Oceans 97%
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4
Q

What are the four major oceans?

A
  • Atlantic
  • Pacific
  • Arctic
  • Indian
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5
Q

What’s the largest ocean?

A

Pacific

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6
Q

What are the types of Aquatic Life?

A
  • Plankton
  • Nekton
  • Benthos
  • Decomposers
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7
Q

What are Plankton?

A
  • weakly swimming, free-floating organisms

(2 types)
Phytoplankton (algae)
- rooted plants near shorelines
- primary producers
Zooplankton (herbivores)
- primary consumers
- feeds on phytoplankton
- secondary consumers that feed on other zooplankton

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8
Q

What are Nekton?

A
  • strongly swimming consumers
    (fish, turles, whales)
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9
Q

What are Benthos?

A
  • bottom dwellers (oysters)
  • anchored to one spot (clams, worms)
  • walk on the sea floor
    (lobsters, crabs)
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10
Q

What are Decomposers?

A
  • mostly bacteria
    • breaks down organic compounds in dead bodies and wastes of aquatic organims into nutrients
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11
Q

What are the distribution of Aquatic Organisms?

A
  • Surface
  • Middle
  • Bottom Layers
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12
Q

What are the factors the determine the types and numbers of organisms?

A
  • Temp
  • Access to Sunlight
  • Dissolved Oxygen
  • Food Availability
  • Nutrient Availability
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13
Q

What’s the Euphotic or Photic Zone?

A
  • Where sunlight can penetrate in the Ocean PHOTOSYNTHESIS (0-200 m)
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14
Q

What are the Ecological Services of Marine Ecosystems?

A
  • Climate Moderation
  • CO2 Absorption
  • Nutrient Cycling
  • Waste treatment
  • Reduced Storm Impact
  • Habitats and Nursery Areas
  • Genetic Resources and Biodiversity
  • Scientific Information
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15
Q

What are the Economic Services of Marine Ecosystems?

A
  • Food
  • Animal and Pet Feed
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Harbors and Transportation Routes
  • Coastal Habitats
  • Recreation
  • Employment
  • Oil and Natural Gas
  • Minerals
  • Building Materials
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16
Q

Why are the world’s oceans important?

A
  • Saltwater ecosystems provide major ecological and economic services (threatened by human acts)
  • Huge reservoirs of BIODIVERSITY
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17
Q

What are the Major Life Zones of Oceans?

A
  • Coastal Zone
  • Open Sea
  • Ocean Bottom
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18
Q

What are Bathyal Zone?

A
  • middle part between Euphotic and Abyssal Zone of the Ocean TWILIGHT (200-1,500 m)
19
Q

What are Abyssal Zone?

A
  • bottom part of the Ocean DARKNESS
    Thermocline(where water temp hugely drops 1,500-10,000 m)
20
Q

What’s Estuarine Zone?

A
  • part where river and ocean meets
21
Q

What’s the site of most large commercial marine fisheries?

A
  • Coastal Zone
    Makes up less than 10% of the world’s ocean area but contains 90% of all marine species
22
Q

The warm, nutrient-rich, shallow water that extends from the
high-tide mark on land to the gently sloping, shallow edge of
the continental shelf

A

Coastal Zone

23
Q

The result of the Coastal zone’s ample supplies of sunlight and plant nutrients that flow from land and are distributed by wind and ocean currents

A
  • High Net Primary Productivity (NPP) per unit of area
24
Q

What are the examples of coastal zone aquatic systems?

A
  • Estuaries
  • Coastal wetlands
  • Mangrove forests
  • Coral reefs
25
Q

What are Coastal Wetlands?

A
  • covered with water all part of the year
    (river mouths, inlets, bays, and salt marshes) TEMPERATE ZONES
26
Q

What are Mangrove forests?

A
  • various large and extensive types of trees up to medium height
  • shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats TROPICS and SUBTROPICS
27
Q

What are Coral Reefs?

A
  • forms in clear, warm coastal waters TROPICS and SUBTROPICS
  • occupy 0.2% of the ocean floor
  • highly productive (ecological and economic services)
    • removing CO2
    • natrual barriers (15% of world’s coastlines protected from erosion)
28
Q

What’s Open Sea?

A
  • sharp increase in water depth (at the edge of continental shelf)
  • separates coastal zones from the ocean
29
Q

What are the Three Vertical Zones of Open Sea?

A
  • Euphotic Zone
  • Bathyal Zone
  • Abyssal Zone
30
Q

What are the Threats to Oceans from Human Activities?

A
  • Coastal “development”
  • Point and nonpoint source pollution
  • Overfishing
  • Habitat Destruction
  • Invasive Species
  • Climate Change
31
Q

Major Types of Freshwater Systems

A
  • Standing Water (still, stationary)
  • Flowing Water (moving)
32
Q

Covers less than 2.2% of the Earth’s Surface

A

Freshwater systems

33
Q

What are the Ecological Services from Freshwater Systems?

A
  • Climate moderation
  • Nutrient cycling
  • Waste treatment
  • Flood control
  • Groundwater recharge
  • Habitats for many species
  • Genetic resources and biodiversity
  • Scientific Information
34
Q

What are the Economic Services from Freshwater systems?

A
  • Food
  • Drinking water
  • Irrigation water
  • Hydroelectricity
  • Transportation corridors
  • Recreation
  • Employment
35
Q

What are the Four Distinct zones of Deep Lakes?

A
  • Littoral
  • Limnetic
  • Profundal
  • Benthic
36
Q

What are Lakes?

A
  • standing freshwater
  • formed when precipitation, runoff, streams and rives and groundwater seepage fill depressions in Earth’s surface
37
Q

What are the classification of lakes according to nutrient content and primary productivity?

A
  • Oligotrophic lakes (poorly nourished, low NPP, deep crystal-clear water)
  • Mesotrophic lakes (mid)
  • Eutrophic lakes (highly nourisheed, high NPP, shallow murky brown/green)
38
Q

What sort of lake classification is Taal lake?

A

Eutrophic lake

39
Q

What are Watersheds?

A
  • drainage basins (deliver runoff, sediment, and dissolved substances to streams)
40
Q

What’s the difference and similarity between stream and river?

A
  • Size, width and depth
    • Streams narrow, shallow, contain flowing water
    • Rivers wider, deeper, largest classification of flowing water
41
Q

What are Freshwater Inland Wetlands?

A
  • lands covered with freshwater all or part of the time (SPONGES)
42
Q

What are the examples of Freshwater Inland Wetlands?

A
  • Marshes (grasses, reeds)
  • Swamps (trees, shrubs)
  • Prairie potholes (depression)
  • Floodplains (excess water)
  • Arctic tundra
43
Q

Inland Wetlands Services

A
  • filter and degrade toxic wastes/pollutants
  • reduce flooding and erosion
  • help replenish stream flows
  • help recharge groundwater aquifers
  • provide habitat for many species
  • supply valuable economic products
  • provide recreational opportunities

Finals Mix&Match (5 decks)

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