Aquatic Biodiversity

Question 1

approximately _______ percent of Earth’s surface is covered in water

of all that water, only about ________ percent is freshwater

Answer 1

71 percent
3 percent

Question 2

table 1.1 locations and amounts of water on earth

Answer 2

page 9

Question 3

is the study of marine species that live in the ocean and other salt-water environments

Answer 3

marine biology

Question 4

the study of life and ecologic systems in bodies of freshwater

Answer 4

freshwater biology

Question 5

study of organisms in freshwaters and their ecology

Answer 5

freshwater biology

Question 6

the study of inland waters, physical and chemical processes and effects on organisms inhabiting them

Answer 6

limnology

Question 7

inland waters and freshwater systems:

Answer 7

flowing water (lotic-streams & rivers)
standing water (lentic-ponds & lakes)
estuaries
wetlands
groundwater (rarest commodity)

Question 8

rivers or other freshwater sources meet the ocean

Answer 8

estuaries

Question 9

freshwater:
estuary:
saltwater:

Answer 9

fw- mostly no salt
e- flow of freshwater and flow of salt water
sw- 30 to 35 of salt per thousand gallons of water

Question 10

saltwater salinity:
freshwater salinity:

Answer 10

sw: 3.5%; 35g of salt per litre of water
fw: 0.1%; 1g of salt per litre of water

Question 11

fresh water-
slightly saline water-
moderately saline water-
highly saline water-
ocean water-

Answer 11

fw- less than 1k ppm
ssw- 1k to 3k ppm
msw- 3k ppm to 10k ppm
hsw- 10k to 35k ppm
ow- 35k ppm

Question 12

why study the ecology of continental waters?

Answer 12

advancement of the science: physical, chemical and biological attributes

applied aspects: preservation and enhancement

management of aquatic ecosystems

a science of many directions:
-long term data sets
-integration of lab and field research
-whole lake manipulation
-comparative limnology
-wetlands management

Question 13

climate change model
drivers:

Answer 13

long term trends of:
temperature
precipitation

influenced by greenhouse gasses from:
fossil fuels
land use patterns
agriculture
industrial processes

Question 14

climate change model:
pressure

Answer 14

water cycle changes
weather and temperature shifts
large and local scale atmospheric forcing
ocean acidification
melting of land ice
ocean thermal expansion
UV irradiance

Question 15

climate change model:
state

Answer 15

altered hydrology
change in precipitation and temperature
increased sea surface temperature
decreased pH
increased sea level
increased UV radiation

Question 16

climate change model:
impact

Answer 16

streamflow timing
increase in natural hazards
loss of snowpack glacial retreat
phenology
population abundance, range and distribution
harmful algal blooms
decline of calcareous species
loss of nearshore habitat
shoreline/bluff erosion
reduced phytoplankton productivity

Question 17

climate change model:
response

Answer 17

mitigation:
energy efficiency
energy conservation
alternative energy
carbon credits
emission tax

adaptation:
proactive natural resource management
migration corridors
farming of regionality appropriate cultivars
shoreline protection

Question 18

is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally

Answer 18

wetland

Question 19

wetlands are made up primarily of _________ which supports aquatic plants

Answer 19

hydric soil

Question 20

the water found in wetlands:
four major kinds of wetlands:

Answer 20

saltwater, freshwater or brackish
swamps, marshes, bogs and fens

Question 21

it is an international program for wetlands all over the world

Answer 21

wetlands international philippines program

Question 22

are water related ecosystems

Answer 22

wetlands

Question 23

inland wetlands:

Answer 23

snowfields, lakes, marshes, rivers, streams, flooded caves, aquifers, chott, oasis, wadis