Aquatic Biodiversity Flashcards
approximately _______ percent of Earth’s surface is covered in water
of all that water, only about ________ percent is freshwater
71 percent
3 percent
table 1.1 locations and amounts of water on earth
page 9
is the study of marine species that live in the ocean and other salt-water environments
marine biology
the study of life and ecologic systems in bodies of freshwater
freshwater biology
study of organisms in freshwaters and their ecology
freshwater biology
the study of inland waters, physical and chemical processes and effects on organisms inhabiting them
limnology
inland waters and freshwater systems:
flowing water (lotic-streams & rivers)
standing water (lentic-ponds & lakes)
estuaries
wetlands
groundwater (rarest commodity)
rivers or other freshwater sources meet the ocean
estuaries
freshwater:
estuary:
saltwater:
fw- mostly no salt
e- flow of freshwater and flow of salt water
sw- 30 to 35 of salt per thousand gallons of water
saltwater salinity:
freshwater salinity:
sw: 3.5%; 35g of salt per litre of water
fw: 0.1%; 1g of salt per litre of water
fresh water-
slightly saline water-
moderately saline water-
highly saline water-
ocean water-
fw- less than 1k ppm
ssw- 1k to 3k ppm
msw- 3k ppm to 10k ppm
hsw- 10k to 35k ppm
ow- 35k ppm
why study the ecology of continental waters?
advancement of the science: physical, chemical and biological attributes
applied aspects: preservation and enhancement
management of aquatic ecosystems
a science of many directions:
-long term data sets
-integration of lab and field research
-whole lake manipulation
-comparative limnology
-wetlands management
climate change model
drivers:
long term trends of:
temperature
precipitation
influenced by greenhouse gasses from:
fossil fuels
land use patterns
agriculture
industrial processes
climate change model:
pressure
water cycle changes
weather and temperature shifts
large and local scale atmospheric forcing
ocean acidification
melting of land ice
ocean thermal expansion
UV irradiance
climate change model:
state
altered hydrology
change in precipitation and temperature
increased sea surface temperature
decreased pH
increased sea level
increased UV radiation
climate change model:
impact
streamflow timing
increase in natural hazards
loss of snowpack glacial retreat
phenology
population abundance, range and distribution
harmful algal blooms
decline of calcareous species
loss of nearshore habitat
shoreline/bluff erosion
reduced phytoplankton productivity
climate change model:
response
mitigation:
energy efficiency
energy conservation
alternative energy
carbon credits
emission tax
adaptation:
proactive natural resource management
migration corridors
farming of regionality appropriate cultivars
shoreline protection
is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally
wetland
wetlands are made up primarily of _________ which supports aquatic plants
hydric soil
the water found in wetlands:
four major kinds of wetlands:
saltwater, freshwater or brackish
swamps, marshes, bogs and fens
it is an international program for wetlands all over the world
wetlands international philippines program
are water related ecosystems
wetlands
inland wetlands:
snowfields, lakes, marshes, rivers, streams, flooded caves, aquifers, chott, oasis, wadis