AQA Organic Definitions Flashcards
Structural Isomer
Same molecular formula, different structural formula
Chain Isomer
different length carbon chain
Position Isomer
Same molecular formula, the functional group is on a different position of the carbon chain
Functional Group Isomer
Same molecular formula, different functional group
Saturated
Contains only single bonds
Unsaturated
Contains a C=C double bond
Hydrocarbon
Contains Hydrogen and Carbon only
Fraction
A mixture of compounds with a similar boiling point
Nucleophile
Electron pair donor
Electrophile
Electron pair acceptor
Addition
2 species makes 1 species
Substitution
1 species is replaced with another (always mention what is swapped)
Hydration
The addition of water
Hydrolysis
Splitting molecules with water
Stereoisomer
same structural formula, atoms arranged differently in space
Carbon Neutral
No net annual carbon emissions to the atmosphere
Molecular ion
The molecule with 1 electron removed (electron impact ionisation) or The molecule with a proton (H+) added on (electrospray ionisation)
Chiral/Asymmetric Carbon
Carbon atom with four different groups attached
Enantiomer
Molecules with a chiral carbon atom that exist as two non-superimposable mirror images
Racemic Mixture
equal mixture of enantiomers
Nucleophile
Electron pair donor
Electrophile
Electron pair acceptor
Stereoisomer
same structural formula, atoms arranged differently in space
Retention Time
Time taken for a particular substance to pass through a chromatography column.
