AQA GCSE Additional Biology Flashcards
What is the scientific name for a simple cell?
Epithelial cell
What do we call a cell with special features
A specialised cell
Nucleus, ribosomes and mitochondria are examples of what?
Cell organelles
What is the function of a cell nucleus?
Controls the cell and contains genetic information
What is the function of mitochondria?
Mitochondria are where energy is released for the cell through respiration.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis. This is where proteins are built up from amino acids.
What is the function of a cell membrane?
The cell membrane controls what can enter and exit the cell.
Name 4 specialised animal cells.
Sperm cell, nerve cell, muscle cell, ciliated epithelial cell.
Identify the parts of an animal cell.
A - Mitochondria
B - Cytoplasm
C - Ribosome
D - Nucleus
E - Cell membrane
What controls the chemical reactions inside a cell?
Enzymes
How is a muscle cell specialised for its function?
Muscle cells have fibrils that can shorten in length allowing the cell to contract.
How is a sperm cell adapted to carry out its function?
Sperm cells have a tail to swim towards and egg. They also have a streamlined shape and a large number of mitochondria to provide energy for movement.
How are nerve cells adapted to carry out their function?
They have long fibres to carry impulses and branches at nerve endings to communicate with other nerve cells.
How are ciliated epithelial cells adapted ot carry out their function?
They have cilia which can move. This allows dust and mucus to be brushed along cell surfaces e.g. mucus can be moved out of the lungs.
What type of cell is this?
Muscle cell
What type of cell is this?
Nerve cell
What type of cell is this?
Ciliated epithelial cell
Label the plant cell.
A - Cell wall
B - Cell membrane
C - Ribosome
D - Chloroplast (containing chlorophyll)
E - Vacuole
F - Nucleus
G - Cytoplasm
H - Mitochondria
What type of cell is this?
Root hair cell
Why does this cell form a plant not contain chloroplasts?
Becaue it is a root hair cell, found in root, which do not receive sunlight so do not photosynthesise
What is a xylem vessel?
Empty tubes made from dead plant cell walls. These tubes are used to transport water from the roots up to the stem and leaves.
What is the function of a cell wall?
To strengthen and support a cell
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are the organelles in which photosynthesis takes place.
What do chloroplasts contain?
Chlorophyll, which captures sunlight so that the chloroplast can carry out photosynthesis
What is the function of a vacuole?
The vacuole contains cell sap and helps to support the cell, making it firm.
A single celled organism can also be called a…
Unicellular organism
Identify the labels in the diagram.
A - Flagella
B - Cytoplasm
C - Cell membrane
D - Cell wall
E - Plasmid
F - Chromosome
G - Ribosome
What does a bacterial cell have instead of a nucleus?
A chromosome
What is a plasmid?
A circular loop of DNA that contains genes to make proteins.
What happens in the cytoplasm?
The hundreds of enzyme controlled reactions of a cell take place in the cytoplasm.
What does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not?
Cell wall, chlorplasts, vacuole
What type of microorganism is a yeast cell?
Fungi
Where might you find yeast growing?
The surface of fruit, soil, inside surface of body cavities.
Identify the parts of a yeast cell
A - Vacuole
B - Cytoplasm
C - Mitochondria
D - Nucelus
E - Cell wall
F - Cell membrane
Yeast is commonly used in the production of which food?
Baking bread (also brewing beer and wine)
What is diffusion?
The net movement of particles, in a solution, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concetration.
What does the ‘net movement’ of particles mean?
The overall movement of particles
Diffusion occurs through which part of a cell?
Cell membrane
What is meant by a semi-permeable cell membrane
A membrane that allows small particles to pass through.
Where in the body does diffusion take place?
From the lungs into red blood cells.
Identify the different structures in this diagram of cell differentiation.
A - Egg cell
B - Sperm cell
C - Zygote
D - Embryo
E - Nerve cell
F - Red blood cell
G - Muscle cell
H - Foetus
When cell change into specialised cells we say that they…
Differentiate
Nerve cells, muscle cells and sperm cells are examples of…
specialised cells
When many cells come together they form a…
Tissue
What is the function of nerve tissue
To carry electrical signals around the body and brain
What is the funciton of epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissue covers the surface of the body (skin) and lines all inner tubes.
What is the funciton of glandular tissue?
To produce hormones
What is the job of muscle tissue?
To allow the body to move
What is the job of skeletal tissue
To support and protect the body
Sever groups of organs are called an
Organ system
