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AQA Core Chemistry - Mr. McDonnell > AQA Core Chemistry - C1.1 - C1.6 > Flashcards

AQA Core Chemistry - C1.1 - C1.6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more elements chemically combined

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2
Q

What is the charge on a proton?

A

Positive

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3
Q

What does the atomic number tell us?

A

The number of protons and electrons which the atom has

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4
Q

What does the mass number tell us?

A

The number of protons and neutrons the atom has

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5
Q

How do you work out the number of neutrons?

A

Mass number - atomic number

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6
Q

How many electrons can fit into the first 3 shells or orbitals?

A

1st = 2, 2nd = 8, 3rd = 8

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7
Q

What does the group number on the periodic table tell us?

A

The number of electrons in the outside shell - each element in the group will have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

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8
Q

What does the period (row) number tell us?

A

The number of shells the element has

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9
Q

What are elements in Group 0 called and why?

A

Noble gases as they are unreactive

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10
Q

What is the formula of calcium hydroxide?

A

Ca(OH)2

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11
Q

cement + sand + mortar = ???

A

concrete

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12
Q

Limestone + clay = ???

A

cement

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13
Q

Limestone + sand + sodium carbonate = ???, Under what condition does this have to be under (extra mark)

A

glass, strong heat

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14
Q

Chemical name for Limestone…

A

calcium carbonate

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15
Q

Breaking down a chemical by heating is called…

A

thermal decomposition

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16
Q

Chemical Equation for thermal decomposition of limestone…

A

calcium carbonate = calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

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17
Q

Lime water is a test for…

A

carbon dioxide (turns limewater milky)

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18
Q

What is a metal ore…

A

A metal in its natural state

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19
Q

What is native state…

A

metals are so unreactive they are found as their elements e.g. Gold

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20
Q

What is the best way to extract a metal from its ore…

A

using the reactivity series (i.e. displacement/ reduction)

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21
Q

Metal oxide + carbon = two products. What are they?

A

metal + carbon dioxide

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22
Q

Removal of oxygen is called…

A

reduction reaction

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23
Q

Metal containing other elements is called…

A

alloy

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24
Q

What is carbon steel used for?

A

cars, knives, containers, structural steel

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25
What are the properties of high carbon steel?
very strong, but brittle
26
Main advantage of stainless steel?
Does not rust
27
A property of copper is…
Very soft (Also great conductor of heat/electricity)
28
Name 3 (of a possible 4) properties of transition metals…
good conductors of heat and energy, hard tough and strong, malleable, high melting points
29
Name two cheaper, more environmental friendly ways to extract copper
bacteria (bioleaching) and plants (phytomining)
30
Which two elements resist corrosion and are therefore very useful?
aluminium and titanium
31
What are the disadvantages of the two transition elements that resist corrosion (extra mark - state them)
take a lot of energy to extract from their ores and therefore are expensive - Al and Ti
32
Disadvantage of electrolysis…
very expensive due to high temperatures and electricity needed. Lots of energy
33
Why is aluminium recycling important?
takes less energy to produce the same amount from recycled metal than from its ore by extraction
34
Describe a blast furnace…i.e. what goes in, what comes out, conditions required
iron ore, coke and limescale at the top, slag and iron produced at the bottom, hot air in at bottom, out at top
35
What gases come out of the blast furnace?
Carbon reacting with oxygen = Carbon dioxide OR carbon monoxide and nitrogen (from the air unchanged)
36
Properties of low carbon steel?
soft, easily shaped, less likely to shatter than steel
37
Example of an iron alloy
steel
38
How are metal atoms arranged (eg.in iron)?
in rows in layers that SLIDE
39
Explain how iron is extracted
reducing it with carbon in blast furnace
40
% of carbon in mild carbon steel? Uses of this (extra point)?
less than 0.1%, easily shaped (used in cars)
41
Carbon steel has what % range of carbon in it?
0.03 - 1.5%
42
Explain the process which produces 85% of our copper…
smelting - heat copper ore strongly in air, this crude copper is used as anodes in electrolysis cells to create pure 99.9% pure copper
43
Name and describe the process of aluminium extraction…
electrolysis, electric current passed through Al oxide at high temperatures
44
Name and describe the process of titanium extraction…
displacement using Na or Mg (use electrolysis first)
45
Name the process of removing copper from it's ore, by heat and electrolysis?
smelting
46
Name a problem with processing copper ore…
uses a huge amount of electricity and therefore costs a lot of money
47
Name two physical and one chemical advantageous property of copper…
conducts electricity and heat, does not react with water
48
Why can't we use carbon to displace aluminium from its ore?
because it is a reactive metal and higher in the reactivity series than carbon
49
Why is titanium used to make artificial hip joints?
it is strong and resistant to corrosion
50
What are the two ways of extracting copper from high-grade copper ores?
1. Add sulphuric acid and then use electrolysis 2. smelting (roasting) in a furnace
51
What are the two ways of extracting copper from low-grade copper ores?
phytomining and bioleaching
52
What are the disadvantages of phytomining?
Plants take a long time to grow and the process is NOT continuous
53
What are the disadvantages of bioleaching?
Slow process, still need to use electrolysis
54
What are the advantages of bioleaching?
Can use low grade copper so can use scrap iron
55
Name 3 benefits of using metals in construction…
Steel is strong for girders in buildings, aluminium alloys are corrosion resistant, copper is a good electrical conductor
56
Name 3 drawbacks of using metals in construction…
Iron and steel can rust, metal ore exploitation causes pollution, metals are expensive
57
Name the process of separating crude oil…
fractional distillation
58
What is distillation?
separates liquids with different boiling points
59
What is a hydrocarbon?
molecule containing only hydrogen and carbon
60
Give a general equation for butane…
C4H10
61
Alkanes contain as much hydrogen as possible. This means it has all single bonds. This makes them…
saturated
62
2 properties of short hydrocarbon molecules (e.g methane)…
lower boiling point, high volatility, low viscosity, flammable
63
2 properties of long hydrocarbon molecules…
high boiling point, low volatility, viscous, smoky flame
64
What happens to the temperature up the fractioning column?
gets cooler
65
What is the process that happens when gas reach their boiling points?
condensation
66
What are polymers?
Many monomers (small molecules) that join together to form long chain polymers
67
When hydrocarbons burn in air they produce…
carbon dioxide, water
68
What is crude oil?
mixture of many hydrocarbon compounds
69
Name 4 products from the fractional distillation process…
petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel oil, lubricating oil, greases and waxes, fuel oil, bitumen
70
Impurities in fuels produce…
other substances which may be poisonous and cause pollution
71
Sulphur dioxide causes…
acid rain
72
What is incomplete combustion?
where carbon monoxide is formed instead of carbon dioxide due to a lack of oxygen
73
How does nitrous oxide form in cars?
high temperatures cause N and O in air to react
74
Why is nitrous oxide dangerous , and state what it can cause (extra mark)
poisonous. Can cause asthma or acid rain
75
What type of hydrocarbons do diesel engines use?
larger molecule hydrocarbons
76
Why is ethanol useful in cars?
carbon neutral , easier to grow in economically poor countries, save crude oil supplies
77
What is in biodiesel?
renewable fuel made from new or used vegetable oil
78
What is the general formula for an alkane?
CnH2n + 2
79
What problem does plastic cause if burnt?
toxic gases
80
What is cracking?
Breaking down of large molecules into smaller ones - it forms a mixture of alkanes and alkenes
81
Why does crude oil need to be cracked?
Longer chains are less useful (less in demand) as short chains burn better. Supply is of long chains, demand is for short.
82
A use of smart polymers…
wound stitches, hydrogels
83
Describe global warming…
warming of the earth due to the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trapping infra-red radiation from the surface

AQA Core Chemistry - Mr. McDonnell (1 decks)

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