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AQA Chemistry 1.1 to 1.4 > AQA Chemistry 1.1 to 1.4 > Flashcards

AQA Chemistry 1.1 to 1.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are elements made of?

A

Atoms

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2
Q

What is the symbol of calcium?

A

Ca

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3
Q

Which element has the symbol Na?

A

Sodium

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4
Q

What is the central part of an atom called?

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

What three types of particles are atoms made of?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons

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6
Q

Which particles are found in the nucleus?

A

Protons and neutrons

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7
Q

Which type of particle are found in shells?

A

Electrons

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8
Q

What is the charge on a proton?

A

+1

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9
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1

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10
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1

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11
Q

What is the charge on an electron?

A

-1

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12
Q

What information does the atomic number give us?

A

How many protons.

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13
Q

How can you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

Mass number - atomic number

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14
Q

What is the mass number of an atom?

A

Protons + neutrons

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15
Q

How are the atoms arranged in the Periodic Table?

A

In order of increasing atomic number.

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16
Q

Why are all atoms neutral?

A

Same number of protons and electrons.

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17
Q

Aluminium has an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 27. How many protons, neutrons and electrons are there?

A

13 protons, 13 electrons and 14 neutrons

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18
Q

How many electrons can the first electron shell hold?

A

2

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19
Q

How many electrons can the second electron shell hold?

A

8

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20
Q

What is the electronic configuration of Magnesium? It has 12 electrons.

A

2,8,2

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21
Q

Why are the elements in group 0 so unreactive?

A

They have full electron shells.

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22
Q

Which gas is made when sodium reacts with water?

A

Hydrogen

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23
Q

What is the name of the alkaline solution made when sodium reacts with water?

A

Sodium hydroxide

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24
Q

What do all elements in the same group have in common?

A

Same number of electrons in the outer shell.

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25
Q

Al2SO4 How many different elements?

A

3

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26
Q

NH4Cl How many atoms in total?

A

6

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27
Q

What is it called when a chemical equation has the same number of each element on each side of the equation?

A

Balanced

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28
Q

What mass of magnesium oxide is made if 6g of magnesium react with 4g of oxygen?

A

10g

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29
Q

How does the reactivity of the group 1 metal change down the group?

A

They get more reactive.

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30
Q

What is the formula for calcium carbonate?

A

CaCO3

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31
Q

Which chemical is made when limestone is heated?

A

Calcium oxide (quicklime)

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32
Q

What are the uses of limestone?

A

Building, roads, cosmetics

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33
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

Breaking down when heated.

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34
Q

Describe a chemical test for carbon dioxide.

A

Limewater turns cloudy when carbon dioxide is bubbled through.

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35
Q

Which gas is made when acid is added to a carbonate?

A

Carbon dioxide

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36
Q

Which carbonates do not decompose in a Bunsen flame?

A

Sodium and potassium carbonate

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37
Q

How can calcium hydroxide be made?

A

Add calcium oxide to water.

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38
Q

How can we make limewater/

A

Add calcium hydroxide to water>

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39
Q

Calcium hydroxide is an alkali, what can it be used for?

A

Neutralise acid soil.

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40
Q

How is cement made?

A

Heating limestone and clay in a kiln and grinding to a powder.

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41
Q

What is mortar made of?

A

Cement, sand and water

42
Q

What is concrete made of?

A

Cement, sand, water and crushed rocks

43
Q

List the advantages of quarrying limestone.

A

More jobs, growing local economy

44
Q

List some disadvantages of quarrying limestone.

A

Noise, dust, more lorries and pollution, destruction of habitat

45
Q

What is an ‘metal ore’?

A

A metal ore contains enough metal to make it economic to extract.

46
Q

Why is gold found in it’s native state?

A

Unreactive

47
Q

What is reduction?

A

Extracting a metal from it’s ore by heating with carbon.

48
Q

What method is used to extract reactive metals from their ores?

A

Electrolysis.

49
Q

Where is iron extracted from it’s ore?

A

Blast furnace

50
Q

What are the raw materials used in the Blast furnace?

A

Iron ore, coke, limestone

51
Q

Why isn’t pure iron very useful?

A

Too soft

52
Q

What are the properties of high carbon steels?

A

Very hard but brittle.

53
Q

What are the properties of low carbon steels?

A

Soft and easily shaped.

54
Q

Which type of steel is used to make cutlery?

A

Stainless steel

55
Q

Which type of steel is used to make car bodies?

A

Mild steel

56
Q

What is cast iron used to make?

A

Man-hole covers, stoves

57
Q

What is the name for a mixture of metals?

A

Alloy

58
Q

Why are alloys useful?

A

Each metal has different sized atoms, so layers of atoms don’t slide over each other. It makes them harder.

59
Q

Why is aluminium useful?

A

Conducts electricity, low density, can be shaped easily.

60
Q

Which metal is very strong, very resistant to corrosion and has a low density?

A

Titanium

61
Q

Give three uses of aluminium.

A

Drinks cans, cooking foil, electricity cables

62
Q

Which metal is used to make aircraft, jet engines, nuclear reactors and racing bikes?

A

Titanium

63
Q

Why does it cost so much to extract titanium?

A

Lots of steps, uses sodium or magnesium, large amount of energy are needed

64
Q

What is smelting?

A

Copper is extracted from it’s ore by ‘roasting’ in oxygen.

65
Q

What is the name of the process which uses growing plants to extract copper from low grade ore?

A

Phytomining

66
Q

What is used in bioleaching?

A

Bacteria

67
Q

How is copper extracted from ‘leachate’?

A

Electrolysis

68
Q

What is the name of the group of metals found between groups 2 and 3 in the Periodic Table?

A

Transition metals

69
Q

Why should we recycle metals?

A

Use less metal ores and fossil fuels, reduce pollution from extraction processes.

70
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of many different compounds.

71
Q

What elements do hydrocarbons contain?

A

Carbon and hydrogen

72
Q

What is the general formula for the alkanes?

A

CnH(2n+2)

73
Q

How many carbon atoms does propane have?

A

3

74
Q

What is the formula for ethane?

A

C2H6

75
Q

What do molecules of unsaturated hydrocarbons contain?

A

Double bond

76
Q

What is the general formula for the alkenes?

A

CnH2n

77
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated

78
Q

What method is used to separate the parts crude oil?

A

Fractional distillation

79
Q

How does boiling point change as the number of carbon atoms increases in an alkane?

A

Increases

80
Q

What is viscosity?

A

How runny a liquid is.

81
Q

What word describes the tendency to turn into a gas?

A

Volatility

82
Q

Describe the main steps in fractional distillation.

A

Heating, evaporating, rising up the column, cooling, condensing

83
Q

What are the two substances made when a hydrocarbon burns in oxygen?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

84
Q

How can you test if water is made?

A

Blue cobalt chloride paper turns pink

85
Q

Which deadly gas is made if fuels are burned in not enough oxygen?

A

carbon monoxide

86
Q

Fossil fuels contain small amounts of sulphur. Which gas is formed when they burn?

A

Sulphur dioxide

87
Q

What are particulates?

A

Unburnt hydrocarbons or tiny solid particles containing carbon.

88
Q

Which polluting gas is made in hot car engines?

A

Nitrogen oxides

89
Q

What is caused by sulphur dioxide?

A

Acid rain

90
Q

Which gas is responsible for global warming?

A

Carbon dioxide

91
Q

What is global dimming?

A

Particulates in the atmosphere block out light from the sun.

92
Q

Describe the greenhouse effect.

A

Increased levels of carbon dioxide prevent heat escaping from the Earth, raising the global temperature, melting icecaps and raising sea levels.

93
Q

How is sulphur removed from the waste gases from a power station?

A

Desulphurisation, react the gases with calcium oxide.

94
Q

Describe an advantage of a biofuel.

A

They raw materials are plants, they are renewable. When they grow they use carbon dioxide (photosynthesis)-maybe carbon neutral.

95
Q

Describe a disadvantage of biofuels.

A

Land used to grow plants could be used to grow food.

96
Q

Name two biofuels.

A

Ethanol, biodeisel

97
Q

What can the biofuel, ethanol be made from?

A

Sugar in plants are fermented.

98
Q

What is used to make biodeisel?

A

Vegetable oils

99
Q

Name a potential fuel for the future?

A

Hydrogen

100
Q

Which substance has the chemical formula C2H5OH?

A

Ethanol

AQA Chemistry 1.1 to 1.4 (1 decks)

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