AQA BIOLOGY Key words Flashcards
1
Q
Abiotic
A
Non-living factors that affect organism
2
Q
Active transport
A
Movement of ions or gasses from against the concentration gradient
3
Q
Adaptation
A
Change in a species to suit the environment
4
Q
Adrenal gland
A
Large gland near the kidneys that releases hormone
5
Q
Aerobic
A
Respiration with oxygen
6
Q
Allele
A
Different version of gene
7
Q
Amino acids
A
Building block of proteins
8
Q
Amylase
A
Enzyme that breaks carbohydrates into sugars
9
Q
Anaerobic
A
Respiration without oxygen
10
Q
Antibiotics
A
Drugs that kill bacteria
11
Q
Aorta
A
Major blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
12
Q
Artery
A
Thick wall blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood around the body
13
Q
Asexual
reproduction
A
Reproduction with only one parent, resulting in identical offspring
14
Q
Aspirin
A
Painkiller developed from willow bark
15
Q
Bacteria
A
Tiny organism that causes illness by releasing toxins
16
Q
Benign tumour
A
Lump of cells that are not invading the body
17
Q
Bile
A
Produced by the liver, neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats
18
Q
Biodiversity
A
The range of different organism that live in an environment
19
Q
Biotic
A
Living factors that an organism/relating to or resulting from living organisms.
20
Q
Bronchi
A
Branches of the trachea
21
Q
Cancer
A
Uncontrolled cell division within the body
22
Q
Capillary
A
Thinned walled blood vessels that allow diffusion of gases and nutrients
23
Q
Carbon cycle
A
The movement of carbon through the environment
24
Q
Carbon dioxide
A
Gas that has one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen
25
Cardiovascular
| disease
Narrowing of the blood vessels that can lead to death
26
Carnivore
Only eat animals
27
Cell
Small structural unit that contains a nucleus and cytoplasm
28
Cell membrane
Partially permeable membrane that surround the cell and control what goes in and out
29
Cell wall
Surrounds a cell and help maintain cell shape
30
Chlorophyll
Green part of a plant
31
Chloroplast
Where photosynthesis takes place
32
Chromosome
Long stretch of DNA
33
Community
The organism that live in a particular environment
34
Contraception
Mechanism to prevent pregnancy
35
Cystic fibrosis
Inherited disorder that cause damage to lungs
36
Cytoplasm
Jelly like substance within a cell
37
Deoxyribose
| nucleic acid
Long strand of bases that contain genes
38
Diabetes
Inability of the body to control blood glucose levels
39
Diffusion
Movement of ions or gasses from a high concentration to a low concentration
40
Digestive system
Organ system that absorbs nutrients from food
41
Digitalis
Heart drug that comes from foxglove plants
42
Diploid
Two copies of each chromosome
43
Dominant
Only one copy of the gene is needed to be expressed
44
Ecology
The study of organism within and environment
45
Ecosystem
The organism and the habitat they live in
46
Egg
Female sex cell
47
Endocrine system
System that controls hormones and responses
48
Enzyme
Biological catalyst
49
Evolution
Gradual change in a species over time
50
Extinction
No breading pair of a species exist
51
Extremophile
Organism that has adapted to live at extreme conditions
52
Fatty acids
Can be combined with glycerol to make lipids
53
Follicle stimulating
| hormone
Hormone that causes an egg to develop
54
Fossils
Hard parts of long dead organism
55
Fungi
Group that includes mushrooms and moulds, they live of decomposing material
56
Gametes
Sex cells
57
Gene
Section of DNA, that controls a characteristic
58
Genome
All of the genes in an organism
59
Genotype
What genes are present
60
Glycerol
Can be combined with fatty acid to make lipids
61
Gonorrhoea
Bacteria that cause a sexual transmitted disease causing smelly discharge
from the penis or vagina
62
Haploid
One copy of each chromosome
63
Health
State of mental and physical wellbeing
64
Herbivore
Only eats plant
65
Heterozygous
Different copies of gene
66
HIV
Virus that interfere with your body’s ability to fight disease
67
Homoeostasis
Maintaining of a constant internal environment
68
Homozygous
Identical copies of gene
69
Hormones
Chemical that causes cells or tissue to respond
70
Immune system
Organs in the body that work together to defend against disease
71
In vitro
| fertilization
Medical treatment to aid getting pregnant
72
Lipase
Enzyme that breaks fats into fatty acids and glycerol
73
Lipids
Stores of energy that can be broken down to form fatty acids and glycerol
74
Luteinizing
| hormone
Hormone that causes an egg to be released
75
Malaria
Parasite transmitted by mosquitoes
76
Malignant tumour
Lump of cells that have developed that ability to travel to other part of the
body
77
Measles
Viral infection causing fever and rash, most common in children
78
Meiosis
Type of cell division that ends in four different haploid daughter cells
79
Menstrual cycle
Monthly build up and breakdown of blood in the uterus
80
Meristem
Plant tissue found at growing tips
81
Metabolism
Chemical process that occur to maintain life
82
Mitochondria
Where respiration takes place
83
Mitosis
Type of cell division that ends in two identical daughter cells
84
Nucleus
Control centre of the cell, that holds the DNA
85
Oestrogen
Hormone that acts of the pituitary gland
86
Omnivore
Eats plants and animals
87
Organ system
A number of different organs working together towards one function
88
Osmosis
Transport of water across a partially permeable membrane
89
Ovaries
In women, these store the eggs
90
Ovulation
Releases of an egg from the ovaries
91
Oxygen debt
Arises after anaerobic respiration, needs oxygen to repay
92
Palisade mesophyll
Upper layer of cell in a leaf
93
Pancreas
Large gland behind the stomach which produces digestive enzymes
94
Pathogen
Causes illness
95
Penicillin
Antibiotic that comes from mould
96
Phenotypes
What characteristic are present
97
Phloem
Carries ions around a plant
98
Photosynthesis
Process that turns carbon dioxide and water into sugars
99
Pituitary gland
Located at the base of the brain, produces a large number of hormones
100
Plasma
Fluid part of the blood
101
Platelets
Small fragments of blood cells that help clotting
102
Pollution
Harmful substance in an environment
103
Polydactyly
An extra finger or toe
104
Predator
Eats prey
105
Prey
Something that gets eaten
106
Primary consumer
Herbivore
107
Protease
Enzyme that breaks proteins into amino acids
108
Proteins
Long chains of amino acids, that carry out the majority of functions within
the body
109
Protist
Tiny single celled organism that can cause illness
110
Pulmonary artery
Blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
111
Pulmonary vein
Blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
112
Recessive
Two identical copies of the gene are needed to be expressed
113
Red blood cell
Carries oxygen around the body, has no nucleus
114
Reflex arc
Nerve pathway including a sensory nerve a synapse and a motor nerve
115
Respiration
The process of turning sugars into energy, takes place in mitochondria
116
Respiratory
| system
Organ system that moves oxygen around the body
117
Ribosomes
Part of the cell that is responsible for producing proteins
118
Rose black spot
Fungal disease cause black spot on leave of plants
119
Salmonella
Bacteria that cause food poisoning
120
Selective breeding
Breading of animals or plants for a particular characteristic
121
Sexual
| reproduction
Fusing of male and female gametes
122
Speciation
New species arising due to environmental change
123
Sperm
Male sex cell
124
Spongy mesophyll
Interior layer of cells in a lean
125
Stem cell
A type of cell that can differentiate into any other type of cell
126
Testis
In men, these are responsible for the production of sperm
127
Testosterone
Hormone found predominantly in men
128
Thyroid
Large gland in the neck which releases hormone
129
TMV- Tobaco Mosaic Virus
Virus affecting plants causing a mosaic pattern on leaves
130
Trachea
Long tube taking air down into the lungs
131
Transpiration
Process where plant absorb and lose water
132
Vaccines
Medication that contain inactive or dead virus to help develop immunity
133
Vein
Blood vessels that have valves and carries deoxygenated blood back to the
heart
134
Vena cava
Major blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart
135
Virus
DNA within a protein coat that divides by invading cells, the resulting cell
death causes illness in the host
136
Water cycle
The movement of water through eh environment
137
White blood cell
Part of the immune system, produces antibodies and fights pathogens
138
Xylem
Carries water around a plant
