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GCSE Science Key Word > AQA BIOLOGY Key words > Flashcards

AQA BIOLOGY Key words Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living factors that affect organism

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2
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of ions or gasses from against the concentration gradient

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3
Q

Adaptation

A

Change in a species to suit the environment

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4
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Large gland near the kidneys that releases hormone

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5
Q

Aerobic

A

Respiration with oxygen

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6
Q

Allele

A

Different version of gene

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7
Q

Amino acids

A

Building block of proteins

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8
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme that breaks carbohydrates into sugars

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9
Q

Anaerobic

A

Respiration without oxygen

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10
Q

Antibiotics

A

Drugs that kill bacteria

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11
Q

Aorta

A

Major blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

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12
Q

Artery

A

Thick wall blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood around the body

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13
Q

Asexual

reproduction

A

Reproduction with only one parent, resulting in identical offspring

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14
Q

Aspirin

A

Painkiller developed from willow bark

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15
Q

Bacteria

A

Tiny organism that causes illness by releasing toxins

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16
Q

Benign tumour

A

Lump of cells that are not invading the body

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17
Q

Bile

A

Produced by the liver, neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats

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18
Q

Biodiversity

A

The range of different organism that live in an environment

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19
Q

Biotic

A

Living factors that an organism/relating to or resulting from living organisms.

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20
Q

Bronchi

A

Branches of the trachea

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21
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrolled cell division within the body

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22
Q

Capillary

A

Thinned walled blood vessels that allow diffusion of gases and nutrients

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23
Q

Carbon cycle

A

The movement of carbon through the environment

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24
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

Gas that has one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen

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25
Q

Cardiovascular

disease

A

Narrowing of the blood vessels that can lead to death

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26
Q

Carnivore

A

Only eat animals

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27
Q

Cell

A

Small structural unit that contains a nucleus and cytoplasm

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28
Q

Cell membrane

A

Partially permeable membrane that surround the cell and control what goes in and out

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29
Q

Cell wall

A

Surrounds a cell and help maintain cell shape

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30
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Green part of a plant

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31
Q

Chloroplast

A

Where photosynthesis takes place

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32
Q

Chromosome

A

Long stretch of DNA

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33
Q

Community

A

The organism that live in a particular environment

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34
Q

Contraception

A

Mechanism to prevent pregnancy

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35
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Inherited disorder that cause damage to lungs

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36
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly like substance within a cell

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37
Q

Deoxyribose

nucleic acid

A

Long strand of bases that contain genes

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38
Q

Diabetes

A

Inability of the body to control blood glucose levels

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39
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of ions or gasses from a high concentration to a low concentration

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40
Q

Digestive system

A

Organ system that absorbs nutrients from food

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41
Q

Digitalis

A

Heart drug that comes from foxglove plants

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42
Q

Diploid

A

Two copies of each chromosome

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43
Q

Dominant

A

Only one copy of the gene is needed to be expressed

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44
Q

Ecology

A

The study of organism within and environment

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45
Q

Ecosystem

A

The organism and the habitat they live in

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46
Q

Egg

A

Female sex cell

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47
Q

Endocrine system

A

System that controls hormones and responses

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48
Q

Enzyme

A

Biological catalyst

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49
Q

Evolution

A

Gradual change in a species over time

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50
Q

Extinction

A

No breading pair of a species exist

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51
Q

Extremophile

A

Organism that has adapted to live at extreme conditions

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52
Q

Fatty acids

A

Can be combined with glycerol to make lipids

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53
Q

Follicle stimulating

hormone

A

Hormone that causes an egg to develop

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54
Q

Fossils

A

Hard parts of long dead organism

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55
Q

Fungi

A

Group that includes mushrooms and moulds, they live of decomposing material

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56
Q

Gametes

57
Q

Gene

A

Section of DNA, that controls a characteristic

58
Q

Genome

A

All of the genes in an organism

59
Q

Genotype

A

What genes are present

60
Q

Glycerol

A

Can be combined with fatty acid to make lipids

61
Q

Gonorrhoea

A

Bacteria that cause a sexual transmitted disease causing smelly discharge
from the penis or vagina

62
Q

Haploid

A

One copy of each chromosome

63
Q

Health

A

State of mental and physical wellbeing

64
Q

Herbivore

A

Only eats plant

65
Q

Heterozygous

A

Different copies of gene

66
Q

HIV

A

Virus that interfere with your body’s ability to fight disease

67
Q

Homoeostasis

A

Maintaining of a constant internal environment

68
Q

Homozygous

A

Identical copies of gene

69
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical that causes cells or tissue to respond

70
Q

Immune system

A

Organs in the body that work together to defend against disease

71
Q

In vitro

fertilization

A

Medical treatment to aid getting pregnant

72
Q

Lipase

A

Enzyme that breaks fats into fatty acids and glycerol

73
Q

Lipids

A

Stores of energy that can be broken down to form fatty acids and glycerol

74
Q

Luteinizing

hormone

A

Hormone that causes an egg to be released

75
Q

Malaria

A

Parasite transmitted by mosquitoes

76
Q

Malignant tumour

A

Lump of cells that have developed that ability to travel to other part of the
body

77
Q

Measles

A

Viral infection causing fever and rash, most common in children

78
Q

Meiosis

A

Type of cell division that ends in four different haploid daughter cells

79
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

Monthly build up and breakdown of blood in the uterus

80
Q

Meristem

A

Plant tissue found at growing tips

81
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical process that occur to maintain life

82
Q

Mitochondria

A

Where respiration takes place

83
Q

Mitosis

A

Type of cell division that ends in two identical daughter cells

84
Q

Nucleus

A

Control centre of the cell, that holds the DNA

85
Q

Oestrogen

A

Hormone that acts of the pituitary gland

86
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats plants and animals

87
Q

Organ system

A

A number of different organs working together towards one function

88
Q

Osmosis

A

Transport of water across a partially permeable membrane

89
Q

Ovaries

A

In women, these store the eggs

90
Q

Ovulation

A

Releases of an egg from the ovaries

91
Q

Oxygen debt

A

Arises after anaerobic respiration, needs oxygen to repay

92
Q

Palisade mesophyll

A

Upper layer of cell in a leaf

93
Q

Pancreas

A

Large gland behind the stomach which produces digestive enzymes

94
Q

Pathogen

A

Causes illness

95
Q

Penicillin

A

Antibiotic that comes from mould

96
Q

Phenotypes

A

What characteristic are present

97
Q

Phloem

A

Carries ions around a plant

98
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process that turns carbon dioxide and water into sugars

99
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Located at the base of the brain, produces a large number of hormones

100
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid part of the blood

101
Q

Platelets

A

Small fragments of blood cells that help clotting

102
Q

Pollution

A

Harmful substance in an environment

103
Q

Polydactyly

A

An extra finger or toe

104
Q

Predator

105
Q

Prey

A

Something that gets eaten

106
Q

Primary consumer

107
Q

Protease

A

Enzyme that breaks proteins into amino acids

108
Q

Proteins

A

Long chains of amino acids, that carry out the majority of functions within
the body

109
Q

Protist

A

Tiny single celled organism that can cause illness

110
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

111
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

112
Q

Recessive

A

Two identical copies of the gene are needed to be expressed

113
Q

Red blood cell

A

Carries oxygen around the body, has no nucleus

114
Q

Reflex arc

A

Nerve pathway including a sensory nerve a synapse and a motor nerve

115
Q

Respiration

A

The process of turning sugars into energy, takes place in mitochondria

116
Q

Respiratory

system

A

Organ system that moves oxygen around the body

117
Q

Ribosomes

A

Part of the cell that is responsible for producing proteins

118
Q

Rose black spot

A

Fungal disease cause black spot on leave of plants

119
Q

Salmonella

A

Bacteria that cause food poisoning

120
Q

Selective breeding

A

Breading of animals or plants for a particular characteristic

121
Q

Sexual

reproduction

A

Fusing of male and female gametes

122
Q

Speciation

A

New species arising due to environmental change

123
Q

Sperm

A

Male sex cell

124
Q

Spongy mesophyll

A

Interior layer of cells in a lean

125
Q

Stem cell

A

A type of cell that can differentiate into any other type of cell

126
Q

Testis

A

In men, these are responsible for the production of sperm

127
Q

Testosterone

A

Hormone found predominantly in men

128
Q

Thyroid

A

Large gland in the neck which releases hormone

129
Q

TMV- Tobaco Mosaic Virus

A

Virus affecting plants causing a mosaic pattern on leaves

130
Q

Trachea

A

Long tube taking air down into the lungs

131
Q

Transpiration

A

Process where plant absorb and lose water

132
Q

Vaccines

A

Medication that contain inactive or dead virus to help develop immunity

133
Q

Vein

A

Blood vessels that have valves and carries deoxygenated blood back to the
heart

134
Q

Vena cava

A

Major blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart

135
Q

Virus

A

DNA within a protein coat that divides by invading cells, the resulting cell
death causes illness in the host

136
Q

Water cycle

A

The movement of water through eh environment

137
Q

White blood cell

A

Part of the immune system, produces antibodies and fights pathogens

138
Q

Xylem

A

Carries water around a plant

GCSE Science Key Word (3 decks)

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