AQA AS Computing: 9.1 Structure of the Internet

Question 1

Internet

Answer 1

A network of computer networks and computers using unique IP addresses and TCP/IP.

Question 2

Gateway

Answer 2

Connects networks that use different link layer protocols.

Question 3

Router

Answer 3

Connects networks that use the same link layer protocols.

Question 4

IP Address

Answer 4

A unique address that identifies a computer or other electronic device on a network.

Question 5

WWW

Answer 5

World Wide Web; a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet; also called the Web.

Question 6

Intranet

Answer 6

A private computer network used to share information or operations within an organisation.

Question 7

Domain Name

Answer 7

A name that identifies one or more IP addresses.

Question 8

FQDN

Answer 8

Fully Qualified Domain Name; conists of a host ID and domain name.

Question 9

URI

Answer 9

Uniform Resource Identifier; specifies how to access a resource on the Internet.

Question 10

URL

Answer 10

Uniform Resource Locator ; a URI that identifies a resource by its network location.

Question 11

DNS Server

Answer 11

A server that translates fully qualified domains names into IP addresses.

Question 12

Server

Answer 12

A software process that provides a serivce requested by a client.

Question 13

Client

Answer 13

A software process that requests and uses services provided by the server.

Question 14

Client-server model

Answer 14

A client software process initiates a request for a service from a sever software process, and the server responds to that request.

Question 15

Protocol

Answer 15

A set of agreed signals, codes and rules for data exchange between systems.

Question 16

Protocol Stack

Answer 16

A collection of protocol layers; each layer is responsible for part of the process governed by the stack.

Question 17

TCP/IP protocol stack

Answer 17

A protocol stack for TCP/IP; it has an application layer, a transport layer, a network layer and a link layer.

Question 18

Port

Answer 18

An address for a software process.

Question 19

Socket

Answer 19

A combination of a host IP address and a port number.

Question 20

Bidirectional

Answer 20

Data passes both ways at the same time.

Question 21

Network Layer

Answer 21

Adds source and destination IP addresses to packets on their way from the transport layer to the link layer, and removes source and desination IP addresses from packets on their way from the link layer to the transport layer.

Question 22

Link Layer

Answer 22

Handles all the physical details of interfacing with the cable, including the network interface card and a device driver.

Question 23

Application Layer

Answer 23

Handles the details of a particular networking application, e.g. a web browser using HTTP.

Question 24

Client Port Numbers

Answer 24

Temporary port numbers used by client processes; they lie in the range 1024 to 4095.

Question 25

Well-known port numbers

Answer 25

Universally known port numbers used by services; they lie in the range 0 to 1023.