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A-level Business Studies > AQA A-level Business Formulas > Flashcards

AQA A-level Business Formulas Flashcards

1
Q

total costs =

A

fixed costs + variable costs

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2
Q

profit =

A

total revenue - total costs OR total contribution - fixed costs

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3
Q

variable costs =

A

variable cost per unit x number of units sold

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4
Q

total revenue (sales revenue / turnover) =

A

selling price per unit x number of units sold

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5
Q

Market capitalisation of a business =

A

Number of issued shares x current share price

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6
Q

Expected value of a decision with two possible outcomes - A&B =

A

(Pay-off of A x probability of A) + (pay-off of B x probability of B)

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7
Q

In a decision tree net gain =

A

Expected value - initial cost of decision

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8
Q

Market size (volume) =

A

Is the quantity of goods and services produced in a particular market over a period of time (usually one year)

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9
Q

Market size (value) =

A

Is the total sales revenue generated from selling all of the goods and services produced in a particular market over a period of time (usually one year)

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10
Q

Sales volume =

A

Is the quantity of goods and services produced by a particular business over a period of time (usually one year)

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11
Q

Sales value =

A

Is the total sales revenue of a particular business over a period of time usually 1 year

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12
Q

Market growth (%) in year ‘X’ =

A

(Change in size of the market between year (X-1) and year X / size of the market in year (X-1)) x 100

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13
Q

Sales growth (%) in year ‘X’ =

A

(Change in sales of product or business between year (X-1) and year X / sales of product or business in year (X-1)) x 100

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14
Q

Market share % =

A

(Sales of one product or brand or business / total sales in the market) x 100

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15
Q

Price elasticity of demand =

A

(Percentage change in quality demanded / percentage change in price) x 100

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16
Q

Income elasticity of demand =

A

(Percentage change in quality demanded / percentage change in income) x 100

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17
Q

Added value (value added) =

A

Sales revenue - cost of bought in goods and services

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18
Q

Labour productivity =

A

Output per time period / number of employees

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19
Q

Unit costs (average costs) =

A

Total costs of production / number of units of output produced

20
Q

Capacity utilisation (%) =

A

(Actual output in a given time period / maximum possible output in a given time period) x 100

21
Q

Return on investment (%) =

A

((Final value of investment -initial value of investment (£)) / cost of the investment (£) ) x 100

22
Q

Gross profit =

A

Sales revenue - cost of sales

23
Q

Operating profit =

A

Sales revenue - cost of sales - operating expenses

24
Q

Profit for year =

A

Operating profit + profit from other activities - net finance costs - tax

25
Q

Variance =

A

The difference between an actual and a budgeted figure

26
Q

Contribution per unit =

A

Selling price - variable cost per unit

27
Q

Total contribution (1) =

A

Contribution per unit x units produced or sold

28
Q

Total contribution (2) =

A

Total revenue - total variable costs

29
Q

Break even output =

A

Fixed costs / contribution per unit

30
Q

Margin of safety =

A

Actual level of output - break even level of output

31
Q

Gross profit margin (%) =

A

(Gross profit / sales revenue) x 100

32
Q

Operating profit margin (%) =

A

(Operating profit / sales revenue) x 100

33
Q

Profit for the year margin (%) =

A

(Profit for the year / sales revenue) x 100

34
Q

Labour turnover (%) =

A

(Number of staff leaving during the year / average number of staff employed by the business during the year) x 100

35
Q

Employee retention rate (%) for a particular time period =

A

(Number of staff leaving during the year / average number of staff employed by the business during the year) x 100

36
Q

Employee costs as a percentage of turnover =

A

(Employee costs / sales turnover) x 100

37
Q

Labour cost per unit =

A

Labour costs / units of output

38
Q

Return on capital employed (ROCE) (%) =

A

(Operating profit / total equity + non current liabilities) x 100

39
Q

Capital employed =

A

Total equity + non current liabilities

40
Q

Current ratio =

A

Current asserts / current liabilities

41
Q

Gearing (%) =

A

(Non current liabilities / total equity + non current liabilities) x 100

42
Q

Payables days (creditors) =

A

(Payables / cost of sales) x 365

43
Q

Receivables days (debtors) =

A

(Receivables / sales revenue) x 365

44
Q

Inventory turnover =

A

Cost of goods sold / average inventories held

45
Q

Average rate of return (%) =

A

(Net return from project (£) or number of years / initial cost of project (£)) x 100

A-level Business Studies (1 decks)

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