AQA 3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry REVISION Flashcards
What is the general formula for alkanes?
Cn H2n+2
What is the general formula for alkenes?
Cn H2n
What is the general formula for alcohols?
Cn H2n+1 OH
What is the molecular formula? Give an example.
The actual number of atoms in a molecule or element. E.g. Ethane C2H6
What is the empirical formula? Give an example.
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound. E.g. Ethane CH3
What is the structural formula? Give an example.
The arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all the bonds. E.g. Butan-1-ol CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
What is the skeletal formula?
Show the bonds of the carbon skeleton only. Hydrogen and carbon atoms not shown but functional groups are.
What is the displayed formula?
Show the arrangement of atoms showing all the bonds and atoms in the molecule.
What is the homologous series?
The homologous series of a group of compounds have the same functional group and general formula.
What do successive members of the same homologous increase by?
CH2
What is Nomenclature?
Naming molecules according to the rules set down by IUPAC. This is the global language of chemistry.
What is the first step of nomenclature?
Find the length of the stem by counting the longest continuous chain of carbons.
What is the second step of nomenclature?
The functional group on the molecule normally tells you the ending of the name (suffix).
What is the third step of nomenclature?
Number the carbon chain so that the functional group sits on the lowest possible number carbon.
What is the fourth step of nomenclature?
Make a note of the carbon number - OH is attached to. Place this number before the suffix.
