APWH - Unit 8 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Cold War 8.1

A

a conflict that does not involve direct military confrontation; capitalism vs. communism

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2
Q

Non-Aligned Movement 8.2

A

a movement formed by many new Asian and African countries who did not want to get involved with the superpowers (Russia and US); wanted to maintain social order on their own

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3
Q

Kwame Nkrumah 8.2; 8.5

A

led Ghana to independence from Britain in 1957; represented Ghana in the Non-Aligned Movement

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4
Q

Proxy Wars (Korean War and Angolan Civil War) 8.3

A

occurred in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean; armies of smaller countries were proxies for the two superpowers; combined local issues; Korean War, Vietnam War, Angolan Civil War

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5
Q

Communist Revolution in China 8.4

A

led by Mao Zedong (won popular support); emphasized heavy industry; defeated nationalism

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6
Q

Great Leap Forward 8.4

A

Mao Zedong’s effort to reform China’s government into a Communist one; resulted in the starvation of ~20 million Chinese; more land reform

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7
Q

Communist Revolution for Vietnamese Independence 8.4

A

Vietnam declared independence from Japanese and French control in 1945; agricultural society; peasants were in support of Communist land redistribution; South Vietnam remained more unpopular due to slow implementation

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8
Q

Decolonization 8.5

A

smaller countries gaining independence from places such as Britain; withdrawing from a former powerful colony, making them independent

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9
Q

Indian National Congress 8.5

A

drive for Indian self-rule (19th century); led by Mohandas Gandhi in 1920s; unity between Hindu and Muslim groups against Britain

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10
Q

Muslim League 8.5

A

founded in 1906; advocated a separate nation for Indian Muslims; didn’t want to associate with Hindus entirely

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11
Q

Partition of India 8.6

A

India won independence from the British in 1946, then splitting into two new states (India and Pakistan) for the separate religious groups (Hindus and Muslims)

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12
Q

Creation of Israel 8.6

A

Zionist movement (1890s) wanted a separate Jewish state; Arabs in Palestine didn’t want to lose land so the UN divided Palestine into Muslim and Jewish groups; Israel became its own independent country

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13
Q

Metropole 8.6

A

a large city of a former colonial ruler

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14
Q

Mohandas Gandhi 8.7

A

leader of the Indian National Congress; nonviolent protests, boycotts, and fasts to oppose British colonial rule (Salt March, etc.); India became independent in 1947

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15
Q

Martin Luther King, Jr. 8.7

A

African American civil rights leader (1950s - 1960s); Baptist minister; used court decisions, boycott of public buses, massive marches, etc.

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16
Q

Nelson Mandela 8.7

A

South Africa; led the black resistance to apartheid; socialist lawyer; 1918 - 2013; led nonviolent protests

17
Q

Francisco Franco 8.7

A

dictator who ruled Spain (1939 - 1975); overthrew a popular government (leftists); ally of the US (anti-communism); after his death, Spain moved toward democracy

18
Q

Shining Path 8.7

A

built by Abimael Guzman based on the ideals of Mao Zedong (Communist); began decades of bombing and terrorism in 1980s to overthrow Peru’s government and reform it into communism

19
Q

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 8.8

A

communist government against Muslim fighters; Afghan deaths (562k - 2mil); Afghans fled to Pakistan and Iran or became homeless; Soviet army withdrew in 1989, left Soviet government vulnerable to reform