APWH Midterm Flashcards
What is Champa rice and what is its connection to trade in East Asia/Song China (P1)
Champa rice is fast-maturing rice and drought resistant. It connected the pre-industrial North with the rice-producing South through the Grand Canal (internalized trade)
What is filial piety and what is its connection to Confucianism
Filial piety is an attitude of respect towards one’s elders which was based on Confucian thoughts
How did Song China gain wealth and prominence?
The use of the Grand Canal for domestic trading to trade various goods assisted the economy, guarded one end of the Silk Road and guaranteed safe passage due to the easy transportation of soldiers/technology from North to South and vice versa
What nearby countries did Song China influence and how?
Japan, Korea (Confucianism and Buddhism), and Vietnam (Confucian bureaucracy training, Mahayana Buddhism, hierarchy), Minor influence on SE Asia through trade and spreading cultural religions like neo-Confucianism
What was the use of Confucian civil service exams?
they utilized it so they would be able to expand their bureaucracy, allowing people of all social classes to participate (even though the rich were still privileged)
What were the diasporic merchant communities and where were they? (in period 1)
The merchant communities were primarily Muslim merchants who set up trading post empires through the Indian Ocean. ex: Malacca sultanate, SE Asia, India, Swahili city states, Delhi Sultanate, and East Asia
Which kingdoms/parts of South/SE Asia were Hindu/Buddhist vs. Muslim (period 1)
Delhi Sultanate - Sunni Muslim ruling elite w/ Hindu majority, Chola and Rajput Dynasties - Hindu, Vijiygahar and Chola Empires - Hindu rule w Buddhist minority
Who did the Mongols conquer and what trade route did they control
Song China, Abbasid Caliphate, Kievan Rus, Egypt, Eastern Europe, Persia, they had a strong control over the Silk Road
Mongol impact on the Silk Road (positive + negative)
The Mongols were able to bring upon a lot of commercial trade throughout Eurasia by securing trade routes. Since they conquered pretty much all land involved in the Silk Road, they were able to create policies to protect traders and promote trade. Because of this, a lot of scientific, military, and cultural knowledge was spread among Europe, the Middle East, China, Japan, and more. A negative effect would be the spreading of the Bubonic plague.
Why did the Mongol empire fracture into khanates?
Once Genghis Khan passed away, the Mongol people wanted to return to their nomadic lifestyle and they couldn’t decide on a leader so Genghis Khan’s offspring inherited different factions of the empire creating khanates.
What were the names and locations of the khanates that the Mongol empire divided into?
Golden Horde - Russia, Chagatai Khanate - Central Asia, Il Khanate - MIddle East, Yuan Dynasty - China
How were the Mongols able to rule effectively?
When they conquered territory, they often adapted the cultural and government practice of the conquered peoples and used their technology to their advantage. They utilized roads and bridges to connect their empire which encouraged trade, adopted the local bureaucrats, and (mostly) were tolerant of other religions. Ex - Persian government officials in the Il-Khanate and Confucian scholars in the Yuan
Who ruled the Yuan Dynasty and what people/dynasty preceded them?
Ruled by Kublai Khan (called himself the “khan of all khans”, and they conquered the Song Dynasty in China.
What were the three West African empires and what trade routes did they participate in
Ghana - trans saharan trade, Mali - trans saharan trade, Songhai (only period 2) - trans atlantic slave trade
What was the use of the trans saharan trade in Africa?
The gold salt trade, helped grow African Empires, creation of caravanserai and new camel saddles made it more efficient
