apush unit 2 vocab time period 3 Flashcards
MEMORIZIIEE
alien and sedition acts
four acts that basically allowed the president to kick out, jail, or fine enemies or aliens of the state on will, and prevent speech and media that harmed or spoke out against the US government, or sought to hurt Democratic Republicans.
american independence / revolution
the conflict arose from growing tensions between residents of great britains 13 north american colonies and the colonial government, which represented the British crown, after which the US was established.
articles of confederation
the first written constitution of the united states that gave the states supreme power and the central government lacked the authority to tax.
anti-federalists
they opposed the ratification of the new federal constitution and united by their fear of a powerful and potentially oppressive national government, a government dominated by wealthy aristocrats and the absence of a bill of rights in the new Constitution.
bank of the united states
a central bank that expanded federal fiscal and monetary power (along with a federal mint and excise taxes) used to stabilize and improve the nation’s credit, and to improve handling of the financial business, which caused much controversy.
benjamin franklin
he played a major role in the american revoluion. he negotiated french support for the colonists, signed the Treaty of Paris (1783), and helped draft the Constitution (1787-1789)
bill of rights
the first 10 amendments of the US constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press.
continental army
under the command of george washington, it was the american military during the revolutionary war.
continental congress
all colonies but georgia went to this in 1774 to determine how the colonies should react to what, from their viewpoint, seemed to pose an alarming threat to rights and liberties, no talk of secession from England.
declaration of independence
approved by congress on july 4, 1776, it formalized the colonies independence from Britain and utilized the Enlightenment values of natural rights to life, liberty and pursuit of happiness.
democratic republican party
led by thomas jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong state governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the constitution, profrench, opposed national bank
enlightenment
provided framework of natural rights for both american/french revolution, rise of capitalism and heavily influenced Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine.
Federalist Papers (Hamilton and Madison)
a collection of 85 articles and essays promoting the ratification of the United states constitution.
federalists
a political party that called for a strong national government that promoted economic growth and fostered friendly relationships with great britain, as well as opposition to revolutionary france.
george washington
Virginian who was commander in chief of the continental army and president of the constitutional convention. Later became the first president and established many presidential traditions.
George Washington’s Farewell Adress
thsi stressed maintaining commercial but not plitical ties to other nations, stressed not entering permanent alliances, and americas uniqueness depended on being independent of action on foreign affirs
great compromise
made by constituitonal convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature, the Senate, and representatin based on population in the other house, the House of Representatives.
hamiltons financial plan
created to stabilize the american colony. it consisted of the federal assumption of all debts, including state and federal debts and chartering the US bank to help restore American credit.
jays treaty
signed to avert the threat of war, it eliminated briths control of western posts and established america’s claim for damages from british ship seizures.
john adams
a Massachusetts attorney and politician who was a strong believer in colonial independence. he argued against the stamp act and was involved in various patriot groups. Served as second president of the United States.
judiciary act of 1789
organized the supreme court, originally with five justices and a chief justice, along with several federal district and circuit courts. it also created the attorney general’s office. this act created the judiciary branch of the US government
northwest ordinance of 1787
established the precedent by which the federal government would be sovereign and expand westward with the admission of new states and prohibited slavery in the territory, had the practical effect of establishing the ohio river as the boundary between free and slave territory.proc
proclamation of neutrality
this was a formal announcement issued by us president george washington in may 1793, declaring the nation neutral in the conflict betweenfrance and britain. threatened legal proceedings against any american providing assistance to any country at war.
remember the ladies
abigail adams writes to her husbannd, john adams, urging him and the other members of the continental convress not to forget about the nation’s women when fighting for america’s independence.
republican motherhood
it centered on the belief that the patriots’ daughters should be raised to uphold the ideals of republicanism in order to pass on republican values to the next generation/
second continental congress
managed the colonial war effort and moved incrementally towards independence,, adopting the united states declaration of independence on july 4, 1776. the congress acted as the de facto national government of what became the united states by raising armies, directing strategy, and appointing diplomats.
seven years war (french indian war)
new world conflict that marked another chapter in teh long imperial struggle between britain and france, ultimately ending with a british victory and a huge debt.
shays rebellion
a seres of protests in 1786 and 1787 by american farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt, showed the weakness of the articles of confederation.
stamp act
measure that raised revenue in support of the new military force. Mandated the use of stamped paper or the affixing of stamps, certifying payment of the tax.
sugar act
first law passed by parliament that raised tax revenues in the colonies for the crown. it increased duty on foreign sugar imported from the west indies.
thomas jefferson
author of the declaration of independence , he became the leader of the democratic republicans and a fierce opponent of alexander hamilton.
thomas paine’s common sense
this encouraged americans to rise in opposition to the british government an destablish a new government based on enlightenment ideals. Historians have cited the publication of this pamphlet as the event that finally sparked teh revolutionary war.
treaty of paris 1783
negotiated between the us and great britain, ended the revolutionary war and recognized american independence.
whiskey rebellion
farmers in pennsylvania rebelled against hamilton’s excise tax on whskey, and several federal officers were killed. In October, 1794, the army, led by washington, put down the rebellion. the incident showed that the new government under the constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem.
xyz affair
political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the administration of john adams, involving a confrontation between the united states and republican france that led to an undeclared war called the quasi war.
