APUSH unit 2 vocab

Question 1

Spanish Expansion and Colonization

Answer 1

1492–1600s. Spain colonized much of South America, Central America, and parts of North America.

Question 2

French Expansion and Colonization

Answer 2

1608 (Quebec founded) – late 1700s. The French focused on North America, particularly Canada and the Mississippi River.

Question 3

Dutch Expansion and Colonization

Answer 3

1609–1664. Established New Amsterdam (modern-day New York) before the British took over.

Question 4

British Expansion and Colonization

Answer 4

1607 (Jamestown founded) – 1700s. Established colonies along the East Coast of North America.

Question 5

Slavery

Answer 5

Began in 1619 in British colonies and expanded through the 1700s as the dominant labor system in the South.

Question 6

Christianity

Answer 6

Spread through colonization from the 1500s onward, particularly by the Spanish and English.

Question 7

Treatment of Native Populations

Answer 7

1500s–1800s. Europeans displaced, enslaved, and mistreated Native Americans across the Americas.

Question 8

Enslaved and Free Africans

Answer 8

1619 onward. First Africans brought to British colonies in 1619; some earned freedom, while many remained enslaved.

Question 9

African Slave Trade

Answer 9

1500s–1800s. Part of the transatlantic trade, bringing millions of Africans to the Americas.

Question 10

Fur Trade

Answer 10

1500s–1700s. Key economic activity for French and Dutch colonists, especially in Canada and the northern U.S.

Question 11

Chesapeake

Answer 11

1607–1700s. Region including Virginia and Maryland, focused on tobacco plantations.

Question 12

European Migrants

Answer 12

1500s–1700s. Migrants from England, Spain, France, and other countries sought new opportunities in the Americas.

Question 13

North Carolina

Answer 13

Founded in 1653 as part of the Carolina colony, became a separate entity in 1712.

Question 14

Tobacco Cultivation

Answer 14

1600s–1700s. Became the economic backbone of Virginia and Maryland, requiring a large labor force.

Question 15

Indentured Servants

Answer 15

1600s–1700s. Common in the Chesapeake before being replaced by African slaves.

Question 16

New England Colonies

Answer 16

1620 (Plymouth) onward. Settled by Puritans, focusing on small farms and religious communities.

Question 17

Puritans

Answer 17

1620s–1700s. A religious group that dominated New England society, with strict religious rules.

Question 18

Middle Colonies

Answer 18

1600s–1700s. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, known for diverse populations and agriculture.

Question 19

Cereal Crops

Answer 19

1600s–1700s. Grains like wheat and barley were main crops in the Middle Colonies.

Question 20

Diversity

Answer 20

1600s–1700s. Middle Colonies, in particular, attracted a diverse population of ethnic and religious groups.

Question 21

Southern Atlantic Colonies

Answer 21

1600s–1700s. Colonies like South Carolina and Georgia, dependent on plantation agriculture and slavery.

Question 22

Self-Governing Institutions

Answer 22

1600s–1700s. Colonies developed their own governance structures, including assemblies.

Question 23

New England Town Meetings

Answer 23

1600s–1700s. Local decision-making forums where male church members governed.

Question 24

Colonial Legislatures

Answer 24

1600s–1700s. Elected assemblies such as the Virginia House of Burgesses (established in 1619).

Question 25

Planter Elites

Answer 25

1600s–1700s. Wealthy landowners who dominated politics and society in the Southern colonies.

Question 26

Elected Assemblies

Answer 26

1600s–1700s. Representatives elected to create colonial laws, part of the self-governing system.

Question 27

Transatlantic Trade

Answer 27

1600s–1800s. The triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Question 28

Imperialist Structure

Answer 28

1500s–1700s. European countries set up colonies to benefit the mother country, extracting wealth and resources.

Question 29

Mercantilism

Answer 29

1600s–1700s. Economic policy where colonies provided raw materials to the mother country.

Question 30

Metacom’s War (King Philip’s War)

Answer 30

1675–1676. Conflict between New England settlers and Native Americans.

Question 31

Pueblo Revolt

Answer 31

1680. Native American rebellion against Spanish colonization in present-day New Mexico.

Question 32

Atlantic Slave Trade

Answer 32

1500s–1800s. The brutal trade system that transported millions of Africans to the Americas.

Question 33

West Indies

Answer 33

1600s–1700s. Caribbean colonies producing sugar, reliant on slave labor.

Question 34

Chattel Slavery

Answer 34

1600s–1800s. System where slaves were treated as property, with no rights and no freedom.

Question 35

Pluralism

Answer 35

1600s–1700s. The presence of multiple religious groups, especially in the Middle Colonies.

Question 36

First Great Awakening

Answer 36

1730s–1740s. A religious revival that emphasized emotional preaching and personal faith.

Question 37

European Enlightenment

Answer 37

Late 1600s–1700s. Intellectual movement focusing on reason, science, and human rights.

Question 38

Anglicization

Answer 38

1600s–1700s. The process of colonies adopting English culture and customs.

Question 39

Transatlantic Print Culture

Answer 39

1700s. The exchange of printed materials like books, newspapers, and pamphlets between Europe and the colonies.

Question 40

Protestant Evangelicalism

Answer 40

1700s–1800s. Religious movement stressing personal faith and salvation.