Apush Unit 1 Flashcards
What cultures were prominent in Central and South America from 1491-1607?
Mayas, Aztecs, Incas
All used trade, built societies, and made calendars based on science.
What characterized societies in North America during 1491-1607?
Less dense due to less maize production, men-made tools, hunted game, women gathered plants and grew crops
Crops included maize, beans, and tobacco.
How many distinct Native American languages were there?
More than 400
This reflects the diversity of cultures and tribes.
Which cultures settled in the Southwestern United States?
Hohokam, Anasazi, Pueblo
They made settlements in caves and preserved much land due to the dry climate.
What type of housing did Northwest settlements use?
Longhouses and plank houses
They relied on hunting, fishing, and gathering for food.
What food sources were important for the Great Plains tribes?
Buffalo, maize, river resources
Nomadic hunters and sedentary farmers existed in this region.
What was the Iroquois Confederation known for?
Being a powerful force against Europeans
They utilized hunting and farming.
What did the Atlantic seaboard settlements rely on for food?
Food from the ocean
They lived by rivers.
What technological improvements spurred European exploration?
Renaissance, gunpowder, ships/maps, compass, printing press
These advancements spread knowledge across Europe.
What was the outcome of the Catholic victory in Spain?
Columbus was sent to spread the Roman Catholic Church
This was part of the religious conflict with the Ottoman Turks.
What was the Protestant Reformation?
Northern European countries revolted against the Pope
This led to religious wars and motives for expansion.
What did Columbus aim to find during his voyages?
A path to the Indies (China/India)
He ultimately found the New World.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Transfer of plants, animals, germs, and technology between the Old and New Worlds
Included tobacco, crops, guns, and horses.
What was the encomienda system?
A system where Spaniards received money/land and Indian slaves in exchange for caring for them
Instituted by the King of Spain.
What was the asiento system?
Spaniards brought Africans to America and paid a tax for each slave
This system facilitated the slave trade.
What was the significance of Bartolomé de las Casas?
He attempted to stop the harm and encomienda system toward Indians
His efforts were ultimately repelled by the King.
How did English policy towards Native Americans change?
Initially coexisted and traded, later viewed as savages
This shift affected relations and interactions.
What was the French approach to Native Americans?
Looked for furs and tried to convert them to Catholicism
They coexisted with less threat to Native Americans.
What actions did Native Americans take in response to European colonization?
Tried to adopt new ways to survive, joined forces with different European countries, or fled
This reflects their adaptability in a changing environment.
