apush unit 1 Flashcards
civilization vs. empire
states unified under the same authority, changed territories, empires grew in power= exploitation of the americas
aztec
large empire in present day mexico made of city states, conquered by spanish, capital: Tenochtitlan
conquistadores
spanish and portuguese soldiers who conquered lands held by indigenous people in americas
columbian exchange
transatlantic flow of goods and people that began with columbus’s voyages in 1492
encomienda
setters guaranteed authority over conquered indian lands w/ the right to extract forced labor from native inhabitants
black legend
image of spain as a uniquely brutal and exploitative colonizer, used as justification for english imperial expansion
pueblo revolt
uprising in 1680 in which pueblo indians temporarily drove out spanish colonists from modern day mexico
indentured servants
settlers who signed on for a temporary period of servitude to a master in exchange for passage to the new world
Jamestown
colony in virginia, founded in 1607, virginia company settlers landed to establish an english company, first permanent english colony in americas
John Smith
one of jamestowns founders and leaders
house of burgesses
convened in 1619, first elected assembly in colonial america
tobacco
became substitute to gold in virginia, aided colonies to gain wealth and power
Pilrgams and puritans
pi before pu, pilgrims= puritan seperatists, came over on mayflower, emigrated to holland then north america in search of religious freedom
mayflower compact
agreement pilgram leaders made to obey just and equal laws enacted by representatives of their choosing
massachusets bay colony
developed my london merchants ho hoped to spread puritanism, largest english settlement in new england, very influential
pequot war
european fur trader killed by pequots- powerful indian tribe, colonists/ soldiers conducted a masscre of the Indians
mercantalism
government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power, finite amount of wealth, keep in country
navigation acts
aimed to gain control of world trade from the dutch, british cracking down on colonists and enforcing laws
bacons rebellion
social tensions in virginia, colonial ppl towards governor berkeley –> they wanted removal of natives and reduced taxes
english bill of rights
parlimentary powers; control over taxation and rights of individuals/ rights of englishmen
salem witch trials
1691, prosecution of witches in salem, Massachusets, prmopted scientific explanations, young girls suffered fits and everyone involved killed to maintain innocence
metacom and king philips war
1675, Indian alliance launched attacks on farms and settlements that encroached on Indian Lands
atlantic slave trade
importation of african salves from native continent across atlantic to new world, fueled by demand of crops
middle passage
voyage across atlantic, middle leg in triangular routes, terrible conditions
stono rebellion
groups of escapee slaves tries to get to florida to be free, met by SC militia who brutally kills them and then puts their heads on stakes all along road to florida to deter other slaves from running away
salutary neglect
informal british policy that allowed american colonies considerable freedom to persue economic and politica interests in exchange for colonial obedience
salutary rigor
Brit passed poicies to gain more control over colonies
enlightenment
sought to apply scientific method or careful investigation based on research and experiment to political and social life, challenged authority, individual> authority, subjects to citizens
the great awakening
series of local events united by commitment to “religion of the heart” … more emotional/ personal chritianity than offered by existing churches
johnathon edwards and geoge whitefield
emotional style of preaching, made accessibe to everyone, ppl could save themselves by repenting their sins
7 years war, French/ Indian war
all 5 continents involved, sparked by land claims of ohio river valley, NA allied w french, effects NA left without protection, end of France 200 y/o claim over North America, british control over all of NA.
pontiacs rebellion
163, revolt against British , led by pontiac, told NA to refuse euro. technology and drive them out of territory
proclamation line of 1763
rule that prohibited colonists from going further west than the appalachian mountains
