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APUSH Unit 1 > APUSH Unit 1 > Flashcards

APUSH Unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshiped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor.

A

Aztecs

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2
Q

A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.

A

Treaty of Tordesillas

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3
Q

A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it

A

Encomienda

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4
Q

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

A

Capitalism

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5
Q

A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory

A

Mestizos

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6
Q

Along with Isabella of Castile, monarch of largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia; marriage to Isabella created united Spain; responsible for reconquest of Granada, initiation of exploration of New World.

A

Ferdinand of Aragon

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7
Q

Along with Ferdinand of Aragon, monarch of largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia; marriage to Ferdinand created united Spain; responsible for reconquest of Granada, initiation of exploration of New World.

A

Isabella of Castile

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8
Q

Conquered the Incas by capturing their leaders, the empire collapsed. early 15th century

A

Fransisco Pizarro

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9
Q

Island colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580s

A

Roanoke Island

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9
Q

The Spanish missionary who founded 21 missions in California, in 1769, he founded Mission San Diego, the first of the chain.

A

Father Junipero Serra

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9
Q

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company’s profits and debts.

A

Joint-stock company

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9
Q

A document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area

A

Charter

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10
Q

An alliance of five northeastern Amerindian peoples (after 1722 six) that made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of representatives. Allied first with the Dutch and later with the English, it dominated W. New England.

A

Iroquois Confederacy

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11
Q

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)

A

Sir Francis Drake

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12
Q

An English adventurer and writer, an explorer of the Americas. In 1585, Raleigh sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It failed and is known as “ The Lost Colony.”

A

Sir Walter Raleigh

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12
Q

1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government.

A

Massachusetts Bay Colony

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13
Q

A captain famous for world travel. As a young man, he took control in Jamestown. He organized the colony and saved many people from death and imposed a harsh law “He who will not work shall not eat”.

A

Captain John Smith

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14
Q

A series of strict British trade policies designed to promote English shipping & control colonial trade in regard to important crops (such as tobacco) & resources, which had to be shipped exclusively on British ships.

A

Navigation Laws

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14
Q

in 1686 the English government merged Massachusetts, PLymouth, and Rhode Island together to create a this new royal province. Connecticut, New Jersey and New York joined later. Run by a governor-general and councilors appointed directly by the king.

A

Domination of New England

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15
Q

British colonial policy during the reigns of George I and George II. Relaxed supervision of internal colonial affairs by royal bureacrats contributed significantly to the rise of American self government

A

Salutary Neglect

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16
Q

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania

A

Quakers

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17
Q

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

A

John Rolfe

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18
Q

Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony.

A

Lord Baltimore

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19
Q

A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.

A

William Bradford

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20
Q

He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.

A

Roger Williams

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21
Q

Wampanoag chief who led a brutal campaign against Puritan settlements in New England between 1675 and 1676. Though he himself was eventually captured and killed, his wife and son sold into slavery, his assault halted New England’s westward expansion for several decades.

A

Metacom (King Philip)

22
Q

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

A

William Penn

22
Q

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

A

Indentured Servants

23
Q

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

A

Middle Passage

23
Q

Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights.

A

Slave Codes

23
Q

A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the “elect” members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.

A

Half-Way Covenant

24
Q

1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a Massachusetts Bay puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and stress. Spectral evidence was used frequently.

A

Salem Witch Trials

25
Q

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

A

Triangular Trade

26
Q

Tax on imported molasses passed by Parliament in an effort to squelch the North American trade with the French West Indies. It proved largely ineffective due to widespread smuggling.

A

Molasses Act

27
Q

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established. ealry-mid 18th century

A

Great Awakening

28
Q

A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire.

A

Incas

29
Q

A small, easily steerable ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in their explorations

A

Caravel

30
Q

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.

A

Plantation

31
Q

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus’s voyages.

A

Columbian Exchange

32
Q

Spanish conquerors of the Native American lands, most notably the Aztec and Inca empires.

A

Conquistadores

33
Q

Spanish explorer claimed new lands for Spain including Mexico and Florida, explored most of the Southern US

A

Fransisco Coronado

33
Q

An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the “New World,” even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the “New World.” The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journies until the time of his death in 1503.

A

Christopher Columbus

33
Q

1485-1547, Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico

A

Hernan Cortes

34
Q

Aztec emperor defeated and killed by the Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes.

A

Moctezuma

34
Q

“Invincible” group of ships sent by King Philip II of Spain to invade England in 1588; Armada was defeated by smaller, more maneuverable English “sea dogs” in the Channel; marked the beginning of English naval dominance and fall of Spanish dominance.

A

Spanish Armada

35
Q

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

A

Jamestown

35
Q

Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world. Charter guarantees new colonists same rights as people back in England.

A

Virginia Company

36
Q

A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him; about 1595-1617; Pocahontas’ brave actions in saving an Englishman paved the way for many positive English and Native relations.

A

Pocahontas

37
Q

the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts.

A

House of Burgesses

37
Q

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

A

Puritans

37
Q

A legal document that allowed all Christian religions in Maryland: Protestants invaded the Catholics in 1649 around Maryland: protected the Catholics religion from Protestant rage of sharing the land: Maryland became the #1 colony to shelter Catholics in the New World.

A

Act of Toleration

37
Q

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

A

Mayflower Compact

37
Q

Those who separate from the Anglican Church of England and the Crown because of a belief that the Church is beyond salvation. Many become migrants to continental Europe or the New World, and sometimes both. (Pilgrims)

A

Seperatists

38
Q

The first constitution written in North America; granted ALL adult males to vote not just church going land owners as was the policy in Massachutes

A

Fundamental Orders

38
Q

1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs native americns, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

A

King Philip’s War

38
Q

New England colonists formed the New England Confederation in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance without the English crown’s authorization.

A

New England Confederation

39
Q

Puritan leader who became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

John Winthrop

40
Q

A headright is a legal grant of land to settlers. Headrights are most notable for their role in the expansion of the thirteen British colonies in North America; the Virginia Company of London gave headrights to settlers, and the Plymouth Company followed suit.

A

Headrights System

40
Q

She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639.

A

Anne Hutchinson

40
Q

1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.

A

Bacon’s Rebellion

41
Q

A trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchants’ trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa. (p. 507)

A

Royal African Company

41
Q

Colonies where governors were appointed directly by the King. Though often competent administrators, the governors frequently ran into trouble with colonial legislatures, which resented the imposition of control from across the Atlantic.

A

Royal Colonies

41
Q

Colonies-Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware-under the control of local proprietors, who appointed colonial governors.

A

Proprietary Colonies

APUSH Unit 1 (1 decks)

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