APUSH review Flashcards
Plessy v Ferguson
- gave legal justification for racial segregation by ruling that separate facilities for different races were legal as long as those facilities were equal to one another
- overturned by Brown v Board of Education
Northern Securities Company v United States
- property rights and economic policy
- federal suit brought as part of Theodore Roosevelt’s trust-busting using Sherman Antitrust Act
- Court in 5-4 decision ruled that the Northern Securities Company was formed only to eliminate competition and ordered it to be dissolved
Lochner v New York
- established that the Supreme Court has the power to oversee state regulations
- Ruled that a New York law limiting bakers’ hours was unconstitutional because it interfered with works’ 14th amendment right to sell their labor to their employers
- found “no reasonable ground” to limit bakers to 10-hour days and 60-hour weeks in order to protect public health
- Overturned in 1917 by Bunting v Oregon
Muller v Oregon
- Let stand an Oregon law that limited women to a 10-hour work day in laundries or factories in order to protect women’s health
- Stated that the need of the state to protect women’s health outweighed the liberty to make a contract
Schenck v United States
- established limits on free speech, holding that this right is not absolute
- set the “clear and present danger” standard for when free speech can be restricted
Schechter Poultry Corporation v United States
- placed limits on the ability of Congress to delegate legislative powers to President
- narrowly defined interstate commerce
- Declared the New Deal’s NRA unconstitutional
Korematsu v United States
-ruled that the forcible relocation of Japanese Americans to Wartime Relocation Agency camps during World War II was legal
Brown v Board of Education
- ruled that segregation in education creates inequality
- overturned Plessy v Ferguson and nullified the concept of “separate but equal”
Watkins v. United States
-ruled that the House Un-American Activities Committee could not punish at will those witnesses who refused to cooperate
Mapp v Ohio
-ruled that citizens are protected against unlawful search and seizure by the states as well by the federal government
Baker v Carr
-established that the Supreme Court has jurisdiction over state reapportionment cases when that reapportionment threatens voters’ rights
Engel v Vitale
- reinforced the separation of church and state
- ruled that use of the public school to encourage prayer or other religious practices is a direct violation of the establishment clause
Gideon v Wainwright
-ruled that to deny legal representation to defendants who can not afford to pay for it is a violation of those individuals’ constitutional rights
Heart of Atlanta Motel v United States
-Found racial segregation of private facilities engaged in interstate commerce unconstitutional
Miranda v Arizona
established the requirement to inform people accused of crimes that they have the right to remain silent and receive legal representation before they say anything that can be held against them in court (Miranda rights)
