APUSH PERIOD 5

Question 1

Manifest Compromise

Answer 1

popular belief that the United States had a divine right to extend its power and civilization across the North American continent

Question 2

Samuel F.B. Morse

Answer 2

Samuel F.B. Morse

invented the electric telegraph in 1844; sped up communication and transportation across the country

Question 3

Panic of 1857

Answer 3

prices for Midwestern farmers dropped drastically, and unemployment in the North increased; led the less affected South to believe their agricultural economy was superior, and that union with the North was unnecessary

Question 4

Gold Rush; Silver Rush

Answer 4

1848; discovery of gold in California led to major population boost and migration into the mineral-rich West mountains; short-lived mining towns and camps sprung up, attracted foreign miners (Chinese)

Question 5

federal land grants

Answer 5

1850; federal government granted land to build the Illinois Central Railroad in first land grant hoping to increase cheap & rapid transportation; united commercial interests of Northeast and Midwest, would give North strategic advantage in Civil War

Question 6

Mountain Men

Answer 6

fur traders in the West; held annual rendezvous in the Rockies to trade animal skins with Native Americans, provided much of the early information about trails and frontier conditions in the West

Question 7

“fifty-four forty or fight!”

Answer 7

Democratic slogan that appealed to expansionists who advocated for all of Oregon Territory, referred to latitude line that marked Northern border between Oregon Territory & Russian Alaska

Question 8

James K. Polk

Answer 8

Democratic dark horse candidate of the Election of 1844; committed to expansion and manifest destiny, favored annexation of Texas, reoccupation of Oregon, and acquisition of California

Question 9

Ostend Manifesto

Answer 9

1854; leaked dispatch from American diplomats meeting in Belgium to secretly negotiate buying Cuba from Spain; angered antislavery members of Congress, who marked it a plot to extend slavery

Question 10

Texas; Stephen Austin

Answer 10

brought 300 families into Texas on his father’s large land grant, starting a steady migration of Americans into frontier territory; Texas became independent from Mexico and applied to the U.S. for annexation, at first denied in 1844

Question 11

The Alamo

Answer 11

American fort in Texas; was attacked by Santa Anna in 1836, all American defenders were killed

Question 12

Aroostook War

Answer 12

rival groups of lumbermen fought over a boundary dispute on the Maine-Canadian border; resolved by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Question 13

Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)

Answer 13

split the disputed territory of the Aroostook War between Maine and Canada; also settled border of the Minnesota Territory

Question 14

Mexican-American War

Answer 14

considered one of the causes of the Civil War; war over the southern border of Texas (the Rio Grande for the U.S., and the Nueces River for Mexico); resulted in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Wilmot Proviso

Question 15

California (Bear Flag Republic); John C. Fremont

Answer 15

John C. Fremont overthrew Mexican rule in California and declared it an independent republic in 1846

Question 16

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 16

1848; resolved the Mexican-American War, declared the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas & gave the U.S. the Mexican Cession for $15 million

Question 17

Gadsden Purchase

Answer 17

strips of land purchased from Mexico for $10 million to build a railroad in the American Southwest; forms southern sections of New Mexico and Arizona

Question 18

Kanagawa Treaty

Answer 18

1854; allowed U.S. vessels to enter two Japanese ports for coal; led to commercial agreement on trade

Question 19

Free-Soil Party

Answer 19

formed in 1848 by Northerners who opposed allowing slavery in the territories; advocated free homesteads and internal improvements; adopted the slogan “free soil, free labor, and free men”

Question 20

popular sovereignty

Answer 20

practice of allowing the issue of slavery to be determined by a vote of the people who settled the territory; also known as squatter sovereignty

Question 21

Compromise of 1850

Answer 21

another of Henry Clay’s compromises; suggested that 1) California be admitted as a free state, 2) the Mexican Cession would be divided into Utah and New Mexico and slavery would be determined by popular sovereignty, 3) disputed land between Texas and New Mexico would be given to the new territories, 4) the slave trade in Washington, D.C. be banned, and 5) a strict Fugitive Slave Law would be enforced

Question 22

fugitive Slave Law

Answer 22

purpose was to allow people to track down fugitive slaves, capture them, and return them to their Southern owners; fugitive slaves were under the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal government; citizens who attempted to shelter a fugitive slave were subject to heavy penalties

Question 23

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Answer 23

a piece of anti-slavery literature written by Harriet Beecher Stowe; led Northerners and Europeans to see Southern slave owners as inhuman, Southerners became increasingly angry

Question 24

George Fitzhugh; Sociology of the South

Answer 24

1854 piece of pro-slavery literature; questioned principle of equal rights for “unequal men” and attacked the capitalist wage system as worse than slavery

Question 25

Hinton Helper; Impending Crisis of the South

Answer 25

1857 piece of anti-slavery nonfiction; used statistics to demonstrate to Southerners that slavery weakened the South’s economy

Question 26

Kansas-Nebraska Act; Stephen Douglas

Answer 26

1854, devised by Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas; divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory and allowed settlers in each territory to determine whether to allow slavery or not; violated the Missouri Compromise of 1820 & led to an outbreak of violence

Question 27

“Bleeding Kansas”

Answer 27

fighting between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups in Kansas led to this nickname for the Kansas Territory

Question 28

Sumner-Brooks incident

Answer 28

1856; on the Senate floor, Brooks beat Sumner over the head with a cane due to personal charges against his uncle; outraged Northerners, delighted Southerners; sign of growing divide between North & South

Question 29

Know-Nothing Party

Answer 29

formed by hostile Nativists; drew support away from the Whigs but quickly died out

Question 30

Republican Party

Answer 30

1854, founded in Wisconsin by anti-slavery Whigs, Democrats, and Free-Soilers; opposed the spread of slavery in the territories, but not the end of slavery entirely; was a Northern party that quickly became the second largest party

Question 31

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Answer 31

pro-slavery decision that Dred Scott was property and therefore 1) could not sue on a federal court and 2) must be returned to his previous owner; declared Missouri Compromise unconstitutional; decision infuriated Northerners and delighted Southerners

Question 32

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 32

relatively unknown compared to opponent Stephen Douglas for the Senate seat in 1858; not an abolitionist, but viewed slavery as a moral issue; would become the 16th President of the United States, handle the Civil War, and pass the Emancipation Proclamation

Question 33

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Answer 33

Lincoln challenged Douglas to explain how popular sovereignty worked with the Dred Scott decision; Freeport Doctrine came of these debates

Question 34

Freeport Doctrine

Answer 34

Douglas’ concept that slavery could not exist in an area without local slave codes to maintain it; idea angered Southern Democrats

Question 35

John Brown; Harpers Ferry

Answer 35

attempted slave uprising in 1859 led by John Brown; attacked the federal arsenal Harpers Ferry with sons, but locked self into arsenal and was captured by Robert E. Lee; convicted and hanged for treason

Question 36

Election of 1860

Answer 36

the Democrats divided, though both halves supported the expansion of slavery; the Republicans elected Lincoln with an easy win, supported the exclusion of slavery from the territories and built their platform around economic interests; Lincoln’s election led the Southern states to secede